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Bituminous coating is a type of coating used for waterproofing
and flexible protective coat in accordance with its formulation and
polymerization grade. ... It is an excellent protective coating and
waterproofing agent, especially on surfaces such as concrete
foundations
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PRIME COAT
TACK COAT
SEAL COAT

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Materials
Bituminous material is either Rapid Curing (RC) or medium
Curing (MC) Cutback asphalt, whichever specified. Prime
coat is applied only to dry or slightly moist surface. No prime
coat will be applied during foggy or rainy days. ‘-
A prime coat is a coating applied directly to a prepared
base before additional layers of support or coating are
supplied. ... Prime coat asphalt acts as an initial sealer in
the asphalt laying process to block the other layers from
moisture, dust and debris before
additional coating installations.

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1. The liquid bituminous material sprayed by a pressure
distributor with no less than 1000 liters capacity mounted on
pneumatic tires of width and load produced on the road
surface not to exceed 1000 kilograms per centimeter width of
the tire.

2. The tank must have heating devices able to heat complete ‘-

charge of bituminous liquid up to 180"C. The heating device
has automatic control that overheating will not occur.

3. The flame should not touch the casing of the tank directly
containing the bituminous liquid. The liquid should be
insulated that when the tank is filled with bituminous liquid at
180'C, the temperature will not drop to less than 20'C per
hour when the tank is not being heated.

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4. A thermometer is fixed to the tank to measure the liquid
temperature continuously. The tank is furnished with calibrated
dipstick to indicate its content. The pipes for filling the tank shall
be furnished an easily changeable filter.

5. The distribution has the capacity to vary the spray width of the
bituminous liquid in maximum steps of 100 mm to a total width of
4 meters. The spraying bar must have nozzles from which the ‘-
liquid is sprayed in fan-shaped over the road surface equally
distributed over the total spraying width.

6. The pump is furnished with an indicator showing the rate of

liquid flow. A thermometer is fixed to indicate the temperature of
the liquid immediately before it leaves the spraying bar.

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7. The distribution is famished with a Tachometer indicating its
forward speed visible from the drivers seat.

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8. The distributor shall be designed where the deviation from the

prescribed rate of application does not exceed l0% equipped with
a device for hand spraying of the bituminous liquid.

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l. The surface to be treated shall be cleaned with broom including
the removal of all dirt and other objectionable materials before
applying Prime Coat.

2. Prior to the application of Prime Coat, the surface is slightly

sprayed with water but not saturated. ‘-

3. The rate of bituminous material application is within the range

of I to 2 liters per square meter.

4. Prime coat should be left undisturbed for a period of 24 hours,

closed to traffic until it has penetrated and cured sufficiently, so it
will not be picked-up by the wheels of passing vehicles.
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5. The Prime Coat should not be in excess of the specified
amount. Any excess is blotted with sand or removed.

6. Area not accessible by the distributor is sprayed manually

using the device for hand spraying.
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7. The surface of the road and trees adjacent to the areas being
treated shall be protected to prevent their being spattered or
marred by asphalt

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A tack coat is applied after the prime coat, to form an adhesive bond between the
tack coat and the next layer of coating. The tack coat prevents slippage and may
sometimes function as a more long-term sealer to protect the substrate from
moisture and bacteria. For asphalt prime coat systems, the tack coat is one of the
most vital parts of the process, as it connects the subsequent layers and forms the
base of those layers’ strength.
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The standard specification for Tack Coat is the same as that of the Prime Coat.
The difference will be enumerated as follows:

The manner of application is either by the Rapid Curing Cutback or the Emulsified
Asphalt within the range of 0.2 to 0.7 liter per square meter.

Tack coat is sprayed in advance on the surface course to permit it to dry into a
'tacky" condition. The tack coat is maintained until the next course is applied.

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 Seal Coat is a mixture of emulsified asphalt, water, mineral fillers,
and various other mixtures. Seal coats are applied directly to the
surface of an asphalt pavement. It can be applied by rubber
squeegee, broom, or mechanical spray
The approximate amount of materials required for Seal Coat per square meter ‘-
is provided on Table 5-14.

Bituminous material is the Asphalt Cement penetration grade 120-150 Rapid

Curing or Medium curing Cutback asphalt.

Cover aggregates for Type 2 Seal Coat consists ofsand or fine screening free
from dirt or other organic matter.

The aggregate for Type-3 Seal Coat is crushed stone, crushed slag or crushed
gravel. Only one type of aggregate shall be used in a project unless other
alternative type is approved. 10
5. The aggregate shall have a mass percent of wear not GRADING REQUIREMENTS
exceeding 40 when rested by AASHTO T-96.

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6. When crushed slag is used, it should be uniformed in density
and quality. A density of not less than 960 kilograms per square
meter as determined by AASHTO T-96.

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1. Seal Coating should not be undertaken on foggy or rainy day
or when the surface to be treated is wet.

2. Wet material Cover Coat, should not be used on the work

and no Seal Coating work be continued at niglrt unless
provided with sufficient lifting. ‘-
3. Seal Coating operation should not be started until the
bituminous surface is thoroughly compacted by traffic and
road roller.

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4. Seal Coating should not be placed on newly constructed or
reconditioned road surface in less than ten days after the surface
is laid and opened to traffic.

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5. Road surface to receive bituminous material should be
cleaned of dirt, sand, dust and objectionable materials. The
cleaning should be effected by means of a rotary power broom or
power blower.

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 Bituminous material should be applied by means of pressure
distributor at the rate of approximately 0.9 to 1.8 liters for Asphalt
Cement and 1.5 to 3.0 liters for Cutback Asphalt per square
meter of surface in a uniform, unbroken spread over the section ‘-
to be treated.

2. The pressure distributor specifications including its

appurtenances are the same as that enumerated in item 301
Bituminous Prime Coats. Those that differ will be disapproved.

3. Application of bituminous material at the junction of spreads

should not exceed the specified quarrtity. Any excess should be
removed from the surface by squeegee

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4.If necessary to obtain proper junction of spreads, a trip of
Manila paper approximately one meter wide and at least as long
as the spray bar should be used at the beginning and end of
each spread. The paper is removed immediately after use.

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5. Any skipped areas or recognized deficiency should be

corrected immediately by hand application of operated pressure
device.

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immediately after the application of asphalt, the cover aggregate should
be spread evenly over the surface at the rate of approximately 0.004 to
0.007 cubic meters per square meter.

2. Spreading of the Aggregate Cover is done through aggregate spreader,

to obtain an even and accurate distribution. The used of spreader board ‘-
attached to the tailgate of the tack, should not be premised

3. Tires of the aggregate truck should not be allowed to come in contact

with the uncovered and newly applied asphalt.

4. After spreading the cover aggregate, .the surface is broom lightly with
an approved push or drag broom to insure an even distribution then rolled
with an approved power roller weighing not less than 5 nor more than 6
tons to a uniform surface.

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This item consist of either single application of bituminous
material followed by a single spreading of aggregate (single
surface treatment) or two applications of bituminous material
each followed by spreading of aggregate (double surface ‘-
treatment

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The Geoplastic fabrics were introduced and experimented in
Europe in the year 1970. They were used to reinforce soil of
pavement and to provide drainage and erosion control for
highways and railroads. According to FF{WA report RD 80-021
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entitled Evaluation Test Methods and Use Criteria for Geotechnical
Fabrics in Highway application", the use of geoplastic fabric is
considered as excellent. The evaluation was supported by Koemer
and Welosh in "Construction and Geotechnical Engineering Use of
Synthetic Fabric" published in New York year 1980.

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As Filter. It holds the soil in place while allowing water to flow
easily away by some form drainage.

2. As Drainage. Heavy geoplastic fabrics -provide channels for

carrying water away from the soil to the drain.
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3. As Separator. The fabrics prevent different materials from
mixing together.

4. As Reinforcement. It adds mechanical strength to the soil of

pavement structure.

5. As Armor. It protects the soil from surface erosion or attractive

forces.

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Euplastic fabrics are manufactured from polypropylene, polyester, nylon, polyethylene and polyvinylidene
chloride of which changes in properties depends on the processes by which the fabric is produced aside from
the differences in chemical composition. Most of these Geoplastic materials are made of polypropylene and
polyester.

Differences in Properties Includes: ‘-

1. Specific Gravity

2. Strength

3. .Future stain

4. Modulus of elasticity.
5. Creep resistance

6. Resistance to ultra-violet light and biological effect

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-For Woven Fabrics, the filaments are directed in two
perpendicular directions and overlapped. For transportation use,
the pattern is simple uniform and rectangular constant pore size
distribution. The Monofilament Fabrics are woven from single
strands and the Multifilament Fabrics are made home yarns with
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many fine strands. The Ribbon Filament Fabrics are made from
strands with widths several times their thickness.

Knitted Geoplastic Fabrics KGF) is made of loops of fibers

corrected by straight segments. They could be stretched in either
direction without significant stresses to the fabrics. Knitted
Geoplastic Fabrics in tubes serve well as filters around drain tile
particularly for agricultural needs.

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Non-Woven Geoplastics are neither woven or knitted. The
fibers or strand arrangements are held together under the
following marker:

1.Needle punching through the fabrics

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2. Heat bonding or melt bonding
3. Resin bonding wherein the fabric is impregnated with a resin
which cements the fibers together

4. Combination bonding is the combination of two or more of the

processes described to produce a particular characteristics.

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