Buckling Analysis

of Bridge Deck
 Made by

Swapnil Makur
Roll no: 320417035

Under the guidance of

Dr. Chaitali Ray

Professor, Department of Civil Engineering
 Introduction
 Buckling is a type of instability that leads to a failure mode
 Buckling occurs under compressive stress
 It is characterized by sudden sideways deflection of the
member
 In theoretical sense, buckling is a bifurcation in
the solution to the equations of static equilibrium.
 Types of buckling
 Under axial compression:
1. Flexural buckling
2. Torsional buckling
3. Flexural-torsional buckling
 Under bending:
4. Lateral torsional buckling
 Other forms:
5. Distortional buckling
6. Local buckling
 Types of buckling analysis
 Analytical methods:

• Non-trivial equilibrium state approach

• Virtual work approach
• Minimum potential energy approach
• Kinetic or dynamical approach
 Types of buckling analysis
 Numerical methods:

• Finite Difference Method

• Numerical integration
• Finite element method
• Finite strip method
 Examples of buckling of bridge
decks
 Lateral bracings in plate girder bridges are susceptible to
torsional buckling due to horizontal loads
 Local buckling of members in plate girders
 Top chords of truss bridge may buckle, verified by
[5]Tong et al
 Buckling of thin walled sections in an orthotropic bridge
deck, verified by [4] Yarnold et al
 Buckling in cable stayed bridges worked on by [6] Pedro
and Reis
 Lateral torsional buckling of paired steel girders of
composite bridge whilst concrete is being poured, verified
by [2] Hendy et al
Analysis types available in ANSYS
 Eigen value (or linear) buckling analysis
 Non-linear buckling analysis
 Mathematical formulation
 [K]{d}={R}′
 [Kg’]=λ[Kg] {R}= λ{R}′
 ([K] + λcrit[Kg] ){d}′= λcrit{R}′
 ([K] + λcrit[Kg] ){d}={0}
 Det([K] + λ[Kg] )=0
 Shell element
 4 noded element - SHELL181
 8-noded element – SHELL281
 [Ke] = ∫[B]T[D][B]dV
 [Kg] = ∫[G]T[S][G]dV
 Numerical Analysis
 Plate properties
 Dimensions = 1m x 0.5m x 0.005m
 E = 7 x 1010 N/m2 (isotropic)
 ν = 0.3
 Boundary conditions: Simply supported on all sides
 Mesh division (element size): 0.025m

 Critical load from ANSYS: 61.91kN

 Future Scope
 The buckling analysis of a bridge deck will be carried out
 Non-linear buckling analysis can be performed on the
same plates
 A full scale plate girder bridge can be analysed
 Bridge decks subjected to dynamic loadings can be
analyzed for buckling as well.
 References
[1] S.P. Timoshenko, Theory of elastic stability, McGraw-Hill Book
Company,1936
[2] C Hendy, S Denton, D Mackenzie, D Iles, Buckling Analysis of
steel bridges, 1993
[3] M.L.Gambhir, stability analysis and design of structures, Springer,
2004
[4] Matthew T. Yarnold, John L. Wilson, Wan-Chen Jen, Ben T. Yen,
Local buckling analysis of Trapezoidal Rib Orthotropic bridge deck
systems, 2006
[5] Minhui Tong, fei Mao, Huiqing Qiu, Structural stability analysis for
truss bridge, 2010
[6] Jose J. Oliveira Pedro, Antonio J. Reis, Simplified assessment of
cable-stayed bridges buckling stability, 2016
Thank You