Update On Personnel

Seafastening Design General

&
Guideline
Organization

30-Apr-19 Page 1
INTRODUCTION
• Sea-fastening is the action of fastening/securing cargoes on ship with the aim of
preventing them from movement while the ship is in transit and subjected to
motions due to the nature of the seaway.

• Objects with different dimensions and weights are being mobilized onto our vessels
everyday. Most of these objects need seafastening design calculations, and thus
the seafastening design is extremely important to Subsea 7.

• Seafastening Categories

1. Weather unrestricted temporary transportation of limited duration, typically

project equipment. (> 72 hrs.)

2. Weather restricted temporary transportation of limited duration, typically

project equipment. (< 72 hrs.)

3. Weather unrestricted permanent transportation. This is applicable for ship

modifications implying new equipment on a vessel.

30-Apr-19 Page 2
ACCELERATIONS
• Accelerations are calculated using Noble Denton, DNV, or IMO codes.

• The acceleration values depend on the shape of the vessels hull, its beam, the
position of the center of gravity and center of buoyancy that determine the
behavior of ships motion at sea.
• Three Types of Motions
– Heave: Involves the upward and downward
acceleration of the ship along its
vertical axis.
– Pitching: When the vessel is lifted at the bow
and lowered at the stern and vice
versa.
– Rolling: Involves side-to-side movement of
the vessel.

30-Apr-19 Page 3
LOADS FOR TRANSPORTATION
• The loads to be considered when analysing the total forces between the
transportation vessel or barge are:
– The static weight of the cargo.
– The dynamic loads which result from the transportation vessel motion in all six
degrees of freedom, these are also known as acceleration loads.
– The static component of weight which acts parallel to the deck when the
transportation vessel rolls or pitches.
– Wind loading
– Operational Loading

• Regarding the loads due to the motions above, the combination of motions
which give the highest loading in any direction shall be considered.

30-Apr-19 Page 4
TYPICAL SEAFASTENING
ARRANGEMENT TYPES
• The type of seafastening will depend mainly on the proposed stowed
arrangement of the cargo relative to the vessel and its principle structure.
The range of seafastening solutions can be broadly broken down into groups
as described in the following sections.

(a) Angle Plates (b) Shear Plates (c) Tipping Brackets

(d) Typical gusset plates to transfer the uplift force

30-Apr-19 Page 5
GUIDELINES TO SEAFASTENING
DESIGN
• Angle Bars, Shear Stoppers & Tripping Brackets
– For small size and standardized cargo like containers, HPU, or compressors etc.
these types of brackets can be located anywhere on the deck, namely on deck
plating without taking into account any specific plating reinforcement.
– For big structures like manifolds, fast frames, clump weights, PLET etc., large
plated bearing restraints are preferred. This shear stopper is preferably located at
deck strong points to cater for possible large moments incurred due to the height
of contact points.

Tripping Brackets Shear Stopper Angle Bar

30-Apr-19 Page 6
GUIDELINES TO SEAFASTENING
DESIGN
• Gusset Plates
– For deck connections involving uplift, gusset plates must be used and alignment
with the under deck frame/stiffener so as to transfer the loads in to the under
deck beams.

Seafastening of 16M Carousel using Gusset Plates

30-Apr-19 Page 7
GUIDELINES TO SEAFASTENING
DESIGN
• Gusset Plate Design Checks
– Following Analysis Maybe Required
• Global Hull Check: For Major Equipment (JLay Tower)
• Partial Hull Check: For Minor Equipment (ODIM)
• Local Deck Verification: For Equipment Exceeding Deck Capacity

– Clip Design
• Weld Checks Include;
– Shear Stress
– Bending Due to Lateral Force
– Bending Due to Uplift Force
• Section A-A
– Bending Stress
– Shear Stress
• Section B-B
– Bending Stress Due to Lateral and Uplift Forces
– Shear Stress
– Axial Tension

30-Apr-19 Page 8
GUIDELINES TO SEAFASTENING
DESIGN
• Bracing
– For the securing of large items of cargo where the centre of gravity is at a
significant height above the deck and it is unfeasible to design the restraining
force as shear and uplift at the cargo bases, then bracing is an option.
– The braces are secured to cargo on deck or hold wall by profiled gussets designed
specifically for each brace location. The gusset on the deck must be located above
strong points due to the often very high compression and possible uplift forces.

Seafastening of Suction Anchors Using Welded Braces

30-Apr-19 Page 9
GUIDELINES TO SEAFASTENING
DESIGN
• Bracing Design Checks
– Tubular Member Buckling with moment released at member start and pinned
support at member end.

– Gusset/Tube Weld Verification: To account for combined bending moment and

axial force.

– Gusset Plate Buckling considering the plate fixed on the deck at height H.

– Under Deck Strength Verification

F
M

1 2
H

30-Apr-19 Page 10
GUIDELINES TO SEAFASTENING
DESIGN
• Lashing
– Lashing is used for securing intermediate sized cargos and offer a versatile and
less intrusive means of securing equipment. It normally uses either wire, chain or
cargo straps plus a tensioning devices such as turnbuckles or lever and hook
tensioners. They are typically used in seafastening of reels, piles, concrete
mattress, spools, STP Buoys etc.

Seafastening of Chute Using Strap Lashings

Seafastening of Reels Using Chain Lashings

30-Apr-19 Page 11
GUIDELINES TO SEAFASTENING
DESIGN
• Grillages
– Grillages are commonly used to support the equipment/structure and to evenly
distribute their loads to the deck. They can be grillages designed for transportation
or operating conditions. Many factors need to be considered during the grillage
design: support point on the cargo, frame and bulkhead spacing on the
transportation vessel, means of load out etc.

Seafastening of Carousel Using Grillage Seafastening of STP Buoy Using Grillage

30-Apr-19 Page 12
GUIDELINES TO SEAFASTENING
DESIGN
• Stanchions
– Commonly used for seafastening pipes on barges and can be used for other
seafastening like drive piles or mattresses. They are the only items transferring
the load due to lateral movement to the deck. They shall be located and welded on
deck strong points.

Pipe Seafastening on Barge Using Stanchion

30-Apr-19 Page 13
 seabed-to-surface
www.subsea7.com

30-Apr-19 Page 14