A

Major project presentation

On
“To Design Sun tracking solar panel”

Under the guidance of : Presented by

Awinash Kumar (1573720013)
Dr. Arif Iqbal & Ms. Shashi Md. Aaub khan (1573720026)
Pandey
Akhilendra gautam (1573720006)

RAJKIYA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

AMBEDKARNAGAR-224122
 2
1. Introduction.
2. Principle.
3. Working.
4. Components.

Contents 5. Block Diagram.

6. Circuit Diagram.
7. Advantages.
8. Applications.
9. Conclusion.
 4
Introduction
The basic idea of light tracking solar panel is taken from Sunflower

Fig 1.1 Light tracking solar panel Fig 1.2 Sunflower

[1]
 5
Introduction

Light tracking solar panel is a method

to withdraw maximum power from solar
panel.
Greater is exposure of time and intensity Fig 1.3 Morning
time
of the sun light, greater will be the output.

To get maximum power from solar

panel, they are exposed in front of light for:
1) Maximum time.
2) Maximum intensity. Fig 1.4 Evening
time
 6

Principles
1.The main purpose is to expose solar panel maximum to the light because greater
is the light, greater will be the output of solar panel.

2. Measuring the light intensity falling on Light Dependent Resistors

(LDR’s).

3. Control of stepper motor by microcontroller on the basis of input

Signals received from LDR’s.

4. Rotation of the solar panel by stepper motor in

the direction of sun light.
 Workin 7
g
 Zero Light Intensity
Case 1 In the absence of light the difference of light intensity
falling on the LDRs is zero and there will be no
movement in the panel.

 Unequal Light Intensity

When the difference of light intensity is unequal, panel
Case 2 move slowly towards that side where light intensity is
greater.

 Equal Light intensity

When light intensity on both sides is equal, panel will not
Case 3 move, because the difference of light intensity falling on the
LDRs is zero.
 Components 8
Solar panel

microcontroller
LDRS

resistors Stepper motor

Motor driver ic
 LDR SENSORS
 A high resistance semiconductor whose resistance decreases with
increasing incident light intensity.
 When light falls on such a semiconductor, the valence electrons
receive the light energy incident and jump to the conduction band.
 The conductivity of the device increases, decreasing its resistivity.

8
 SOLAR PANEL
 Its made up of a number of solar cells connected in series internally
 Convert solar energy to electricity.
 Based on photo voltaic effect.
 Photo voltaic effect produces a change in electrical characteristics when light is
incident upon it.
 1
Stepper
• motor:
A stepper motor is a brushless DC motor that divides a full rotation into a
number
of equal steps.
• Stepper motors moves in discrete steps.
• The motor will rotate, one step at a time.

Fig 4.1: Stepper motor Fig 4.2: Stepper motor working principle
Block Diagram
 13

Circuit
Diagram:

Circuit Diagram of Light Tracking Solar Panel.

 ADVANTAGES
 Simple
 Low cost
 Eco-Friendly
 We can monitor directly using PC
 Tracking accuracy is more
 Reduce the usage of power from power grid

13
 DISADVANTAGES
 Solar electricity is not available at night and is less available in
cloudy weather conditions. Therefore, a storage or complimentary
power system is required.
 Limited power density.
 Solar cells produce DC which must be converted to AC when used
in currently existing distribution grids.

14
 CONCLUSION
 The invention of Solar Tracking System helps us improve the
performance of PV solar system in a simple way.
 Used relative method of sunlight strength.
 Established a model of automatic tracking system to keep vertical contact
between solar panels and sunlight.
 Improved the utilization rate of solar energy and efficiency of photovoltaic
power generation system.

15
 REFERENCE
 http://www.alltronics.com/stpper _motor.html
 http://fsae.mae.cornell.edu/
 http://www.optimum-tracker.com/solartrackers/
 Electric machinery by P.S. Bimbhra.
 Solar energy process & system by A. kalogirou

16
17