DEFINTION

Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) are

defined here as vehicle-based intelligent safety
systems which could improve road safety in terms
of crash avoidance, crash severity mitigation and
protection and post-crash phases.
ADAS can be defined as integrated in-vehicle or
infrastructure based systems which contribute to
more than one of these crash-phases.
For example, intelligent speed adaptation and
advanced braking systems have the potential to
prevent the crash or mitigate the severity of a
crash
Existing ADAS and those under development – safety
effects unknown

Systems such as smart keys for young drivers and eCall, that are
starting to come on to the market, hold future promise. In general,
most of the devices for improvement of braking and handling affect
driver behaviour, and the questions of driver acceptance, risk
compensation and driver reaction, when the system is activated, are
important.
For example, Emergency Brake Assist is often cited as a safety
related ADAS. Prospective studies have indicated some benefits,
while a study of real accidents has indicated some benefit, though
not statistically significant, when Emergency Brake Assist is
combined with other measures. However, its contribution to road
safety is, as yet, not demonstrated. Collision Avoidance systems offer
future promise and are receiving much attention though, again, the
safety effects are as yet unknown.
ADAS uses sophisticated electronics and advanced software, coupled with
sensors that assist drivers in avoiding errors in judgment. Research suggests
that the majority of road accidents happen due to human errors caused by
distracted driving. In such a case, wouldn’t accepting the assistance of
technology to mitigate the imperfect driving behavior of gullible human beings
make perfect sense for most drivers?
Multiple variants of modern vehicles have such systems pre-installed to help
every driver in avoiding accidents, collisions or even any out-of-control driving
experience. Without interfering too much, the technology is smart enough to
alert the driver in time and also take control of the vehicle, only if and when the
need arises. The adaptive features also help automate lighting, GPS/traffic
warnings; engage emergency braking, cruise control, lane-changing assistance;
offer a bird’s-eye view, drowsiness alerts, connect to smartphones, and reveal
blind spots. Hence, implementation of ADAS components is as beneficial to the
aged driver like it is for the young driver.
5
While comparing capabilities with task demands, the simple rule says that if
capabilities of the driver are higher than task demands, then he/she will be in
command and things will be easy to handle. However, if task demands are
higher, due to whatever reasons, it will be tough for a driver to drive smoothly
under difficult situations and the journey might end up in a crash.
In such a scenario, where task demands are high, ADAS comes into play. It
intervenes and helps the driver to get the situation under control. This can be
done by prompting the driver to lower his speed, change the trajectory or
relative-vehicle position or by communicating with other drivers on the road
with indicator lights. Accordingly, ADAS supports the drivers in lowering the task
demand and helps their capabilities to get the upper hand in averting a probable
crash.
With such enhancements in every turn of the wheel or push of the pedal, this is
how ADAS enhances the abstract of ‘driving experience’ for one and all in
multiple ways.
 VEHICLE TECHNOLOGIES AND ROAD
CASUALITIES REDUCTION

•Crash avoidance systems

•Crash mitigation systems
•Crash protection systems
•Post-crash response systems
•Integrated systems
Though the young drivers are mentally alert, nevertheless they
are prone to distractions of the digital or connected world. While
the older driver guards himself against human factors that can
influence his/her momentary lapses, the same doesn’t hold true
for the younger lot.
The younger drivers could often voluntarily lead themselves into
a precarious traffic situation just for the sake of adventure or
thrill seeking. Youngsters may be even more prone to driving
under the influence of alcohol and often flout traffic rules just for
the sake of being a rebel. It may also happen that they are
distracted by various psychological preoccupations such as
problems at work, talking on phone or operating a music player
while driving. The Fear of Missing out (FOMO) is one of the major
factors that leading to road accidents and crashes. With ADAS
systems in place, such incidents if not totally made extinct –
could surely be minimized to result in saving a lot of both, life
and property.
What is ISA?
ISA is a system which informs, warns and discourages the driver to
exceed the statutory local speed limit or other desired speed thresholds
below this limit at safety critical points. The in-vehicle speed limit is set
automatically as a function of the speed limits indicated on the road. GPS
allied to digital speed limit maps and speed traffic sign recognition
allows ISA technology to continuously update the vehicle speed limit to
the road speed limit. There are three types of ISA:
Informative or advisory ISA gives the driver a feedback through a visual
or audio signal. A Speed Alert System is an informative version of ISA; it
is able to inform the driver of current speed limits and speed in excess of
these limits.
Supportive or warning ISA increases the upward pressure on the
accelerator pedal. It is possible to override the supportive system by
pressing the accelerator harder.
Intervening or mandatory ISA prevents any speeding, for example, by
reducing fuel injection or by requiring a "kick-down" by the driver if he
or she wishes to exceed the limit.
Seat belt reminders
What are they?

Seat belt reminders are intelligent, visual and audible devices

that detect whether seat belts are in use in various seating
positions and give out increasingly urgent warning signals until
the belts are used. Based on the Swedish experience, the
European Enhanced Vehicle- Safety Committee (EEVC) Working
Group recommended in 2002 that seat belt reminders should
(Kullgren et al., 2006):
target part-time users, i.e. people who understand the value of
a seat belt but sometimes do not use it.
not affect the driveability of the vehicle.
comprise a combination of visual and sound signals.
use a signal based on multiple steps, i.e. build up
progressively.
be fitted to all seating positions.
Electronic stability control
What is Electronic Stability Control (ESC)?

Electronic stability control (ESC) is an active safety system which

can be fitted to cars, buses, coaches and trucks. It is an
extension of anti-lock braking technology, which has speed
sensors and independent braking for each wheel. It aims to
stabilise the vehicle and prevent skidding under all driving
conditions and situations, within physical limits. It does so by
identifying a critical driving situation and applying specific brake
pressure on one or more wheels, as required. (SUPREME).
What road safety problem does ESC address?
ESC addresses the problem of skidding and crashes due to loss
of control of vehicles, especially on wet or icy roads or in
rollovers.