05/02/19 PROMPT ACADEMY, THRISSUR 1

HVAC SYSTEMS :
Ducting : Piping :
Supply
Chilled Water
Return Piping
Exhaust Supply
Fresh Air Return
Outside Air
Toilet Exhaust

05/02/19 PROMPT ACADEMY, THRISSUR 2

 Materials Used for Ducting :
 G I sheets
 Aluminium
 S.S (Stainless Steel)
 F R P (Fibre Reinforced Plastics)
 Fabric Ducts
 P.I.D. (Pre Insulated Duct)
 PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride)

05/02/19 PROMPT ACADEMY, THRISSUR 3

 Duct Insulation :
 Thermocole
 PUF (Poly Urethane Foam)
 FGW (Fibre Glass Wool)
 Nitrite Rubber
 POP (Plaster of Paris)
 Poly ethelene sheet
 Wood
 Canvas

05/02/19 PROMPT ACADEMY, THRISSUR 4

 Duct Systems :
3 Types :

 Low Pressure Systems.

[ V≤ 10 m/s, P ≤ 5 cm H2O ]
Medium Pressure Systems
[ V≤ 10 m/s, P ≤ 15 cm H2O ]
High Pressure Systems
[ V> 10 m/s, 15 ≤ P ≤ 25 cm H2O ]

05/02/19 PROMPT ACADEMY, THRISSUR 5

 Duct Systems :
If Velocity is High :
Duct become smaller, less initial cost, and lower power
requirements.
High pressure drop, larger fan power consumption
More noise, need for noise attenuation.

Recommended air velocities are :

Residences : 3 m/s – 5 m/s
Theaters : 4 – 6.5 m/s
Restaurants : 7.5 – 10 m/s

05/02/19 PROMPT ACADEMY, THRISSUR 6

 Duct Designing :
General rules for duct design:
1. Air should be conveyed as directly as possible
to save space, power and material
2. Sudden changes in directions should be
avoided. When not possible to avoid sudden
changes, turning vanes should be used to
reduce pressure loss
3. Diverging sections should be gradual. Angle
of divergence ≤ 20o

05/02/19 PROMPT ACADEMY, THRISSUR 7

 Duct Designing :
General rules for duct design:
4. Aspect ratio should be as close to 1.0 as
possible. Normally, it should not exceed 4
5. Air velocities should be within permissible
limits to reduce noise and vibration
6. Duct material should be as smooth as possible
to reduce frictional losses.

05/02/19 PROMPT ACADEMY, THRISSUR 8

 Duct Lay out :

05/02/19 PROMPT ACADEMY, THRISSUR 9

 Duct Lay out :
A-B is the duct running from the supply air fan to zone
1, A-B-C is the duct running from supply fan to
conditioned zone and so on.
These are known as duct runs .
Index Run : The run with the highest pressure drop is
called as the index run.
From load and psychrometric calculations the
required supply airflow rates to each conditioned space
are known.

05/02/19 PROMPT ACADEMY, THRISSUR 10

 Duct Lay out :
From the building layout and the location of the
supply fan, the length of each duct run is known.
The purpose of the duct design is to select suitable
dimensions of duct for each run and then to select a
fan, which can provide the required supply airflow rate
to each conditioned zone.

05/02/19 PROMPT ACADEMY, THRISSUR 11

 Duct Designing :
3 methods :

A. Velocity method
B. Equal friction method
C. Static regain method

05/02/19 PROMPT ACADEMY, THRISSUR 12