Distributed Database

Systems

Lecture - 01
1
 References
1-Distributed Database Systems
by T.M., Ozsu, P. Valdusiez

2- Distributed Database Systems.

By D. Bell, J. Grimson, Addison-
Wesley, 1992

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Course

• Introduction to database and Distributed Systems in

general
• Architectures and Design Issues of DDBS
• Technological Treatment
• Theoretical Aspects of the topic

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 Little bit of History
• Traditional File Processing System: the very first form of
business data processing
• Each program contains data description that it manipulates
• Redundancy of data
• Problems in maintenance

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 Library Examination Registration

Library Examination Registration

Applications Applications Applications

Library Examination Registration

Data Data Data
Files Files Files

Program and Data Interdependence

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 File Processing Systems
Library Exam Registration

Reg_Number Reg_Number Reg_Number

Name Name Name
Father Name Address Father Name
Books Issued Class Phone
Fine Semester Address
Grade Class

Duplication of Data
Vulnerable to Inconsistency
6
History continues

Database Approach: (Also called centralized database)

Database is a shared collection of logically related
data

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Database Management
Application
program 1
(with data
semantics)
DBMS

description
Application
program 2 manipulation
(with data database
semantics) control

Application
program 3
(with data
semantics)
 Distributed Computing System
A number of autonomous processing elements that
are connected through a computer network and that
cooperate in performing their assigned tasks

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Distributed Computing Systems
• Distributed System Software enables computers to
coordinate and share
• The thing being distributed?
• Processing logic
• Functions
• Data
• Control; All are relevant and important here

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 Classifications of DCS
• Degree of Coupling
• How closely systems are connected
• May be the measured as ratio of messages
interchanged to the local processing
• Could be Weak (over the network) or Strong (if
components are shared)

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Classifications of DCS
• Interconnection structure
• Could be point to point or a common interconnection channel
• Interdependence of Components
• Factors are not totally independent

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Why DCS?
• Suits some of the Organizational Structures; more reliable and
responsive
• Nature of some applications
• Technological Push

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DCS’s Alerts
• Information Islands and Lack of Standards
• Difficulties in Large Application Design
• Too Many Options Available

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Motivation

Database Computer
Technology Networks

Distributed
Database
Systems
integration
What is a Distributed Database System?

A distributed database (DDB) is a collection of multiple,

logically interrelated databases distributed over a
computer network.

A distributed database management system (D–DBMS)

is the software that manages the DDB and provides an
access mechanism that makes this distribution
transparent to the users.

Distributed database system (DDBS) = DDB + D–DBMS

What is not a DDBS?
• A timesharing computer system
• A loosely or tightly coupled multiprocessor system
• A database system which resides at one of the nodes of a network of
computers - this is a centralized database on a network node