Occupational Health

STRESS MANAGEMENT
Concepts defined

 Disease
biological concept

 Illness
subjective feeling

 Sickness
social dysfunction.
 Health
is a state of complete
physical, mental and social well being
and not merely the absence of disease or
infirmity

WHO
 Occupational health
A broad-based concept that refers to
the mental, emotional, and physical
well-being of employees in relation to
the conduct of their work.
Importance of Employees Well-Being
 Decreased risk of disease, illness, & injury
 Enhanced immunity
 Efficient recovery from disease
 Increased longevity
 Increased productivity
 Enhanced morale
 Cost saving at individual & organizational level
 Personal and work relationships
 Contribution to the community
 Spiritual development
Concept of Occupational Health

 Affective Wellbeing
 Competence
 Autonomy
 Aspiration
 Integrated Functioning
Well-being

 Sound health
 Holistic approach
 Purpose in life
Relationship Between Stress,
Health and Performance
 Definition.
It is an adaptive response, mediated by
individual differences that is a consequence of
any external action, situation, or event that
places excessive psychological and physical
demand upon a person.

Stress is simply defined as the interaction of the

individual with the environment.
 Work stress
THE RESPONSE TO STIMULI ON THE JOB
THAT LEAD TO POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE
CONSEQUENCES, PHYSICAL OR
PSYCHOLOGICAL, TO THE PEOPLE WHO
ARE EXPOSED TO THEM
 Stress
Hans Selye: ‘The father of stress research’

“the nonspecific response of the human organism

to any demand placed upon it.”

Emotional

Physical

STRESS Spiritual

Intellectual
Social
 Properties of
the person as
stress
mediators
Type A/B
Response to
Self-esteem
Stressors in Locus of control stress
Organizationa organizational Physiological Consequences
l antecedents life Cardiovascular,
Perception of stress
to stress Physical Biochemical, • Health & illness
Stress markers and Gastrointestinal,
Noise, Light, • Organizational
Organizational cognition Musculoskeletal
Vibration effectiveness
characteristics The Psychological
Psychosocial appraisal
• Performance in
Size & Work Depression,
Role ambiguity, other life roles
schedule process Anxiety, Job
Role conflict &
Role overload satisfaction,
Properties of Behavioral
the situation as Turnover &
stress Absenteeism
mediators
Social support of
Supervisor &
Coworker
Stressor

Stress

Response

Consequence
Causes Of Stress

 Organizational antecedents to stress

Extra Organizational Stressors
Organizational characteristics

 Stressors in organizational life

Organizational Stressors
Organizational antecedents to stress
Extra Organizational Stressors
 Catastrophes
War & Natural disasters
 Societal stressor
Social Change, Political Instability, Economy, unemployment
 Personal causes
Intra -Psychic Conflict, Marital maladjustment, Family
Problems, Life trauma & Financial problems, disease, health issues
Organizational Characteristics

 Organizational culture
 Organizational structure
 Management style
 Policies and procedures
 Work schedule
Stressors in organizational life

 Physical
Noise, Light, Vibration

 Psychosocial
Role ambiguity, Role conflict & Role overload
Personal and situational moderators

Person as stress mediators Situation as stress mediators

 Type A and B personality  Social support of supervisor

 Self-esteem  Social support of Coworker
 Locus of control  Social support of family and friends
 Personality Types

Type A Type B
Aggressive Easy Going
High levels Hard Driven Laid-Back
Low levels
of distress Impatient Patient of distress

Type C
Passive
Moderate levels Apologetic
of distress Overly Sensitive
Perception and cognition
The appraisal process
Response to stress

 Physiological
Cardiovascular, Biochemical, Gastrointestinal, Musculoskeletal

 Psychological
Irritation, mood swings, restless, confused, Job attitudes

 Behavioral
Turnover, absenteeism, sleeplessness, interpersonal conflict
Consequences of stress

 Health & illness

 Organizational effectiveness
 Performance in other life roles
 Determinants of Health
Heredity factors

Environmental factors Support & services

Health Proactive/preventive,
Socio-ecological factors curative, & rehabilitative

Personal factors
Beliefs
Attitudes
Choices
Actions
Habits
Practices
(Lifestyles)
Individual stress management strategies

Relaxation Assertive
Improving EQ Communication
Social Skills Recreational
Exercise Activities
Meditation Time Management
Organizational Supportive Strategies
Change Management

Human Resource Development

Organizational Culture

Information & Communication

Counseling

Employees Involvement