in Ad Hoc Networks
Attack strategy
deliver all packets, yet after placing them
in a re-ordering buffer rather than a FIFO
buffer.
Attack strategy
Impact of JF Reorder Attack
JF Periodic Dropping Attack
Facts
If losses occur periodically near the retransmission
time out (RTO) timescale (in the 1s range as RTO
is intended to address severe congestion), then
end-to-end throughput is nearly zero
Endpoint attack
Attack strategy
Periodic dropping attack in which attacking nodes
drop all packets for a short duration (e.g., tens of
ms) once per RTO
Passive
Attack strategy
Impact of JF Periodic Dropping Attack
JF Delay Variance Attack
High delay will
cause TCP to send traffic in bursts due to “self-
clocking,” leading to increased collisions and loss
cause mis-estimations of available bandwidth for
delay-based congestion control protocols such as
TCP Westwood and Vegas,
lead to an excessively high RTO value
Attack strategy
wait a random time before servicing each packet,
maintaining FIFO order, but significantly increasing
delay variance.
Attack strategy
Impact of JF Delay Variance Attack
Black Hole Attacks (1)
Passive
Forwards routing packets
"Absorbs" all data packets
Hard to detect
Black Hole Attacks (2)
Misbehavior Diagnosis
Detection of MAC Layer Failure
Cross-layer design in DSR
Passive Acknowledgement (PACK)
Watchdog
Endpoint Detection
If severe loss detected
Can find the malicious guy?
PACK
Energy Efficient
Transmission: i cannot
overhear j
Directional Antennas: j
pretends to i to forward
to k
Variable Power: j
pretends to i to forward
to k
Victim Response
Establish an alternate path