G.E.

C,Chamarajanagar 04/05/2019
 DATE: 04/05/2019

CONTENTS
1. Laser full form
2. Four Important Process of LASER
3. Desirable Properties of Lasers
4. Introduction
5. Application of LASERS in Highway Engineering
 Road Profiling
 Pavement Surface Deflection
 Bridge Deflection
 Speed Checkers
6. Advantages of using lasers in Highway Engineering
7. Conclusion
8. References
2

G.E.C, Chamarajanagar
 DATE:04/05/2019

What is LASER?
L - Light
A - Amplification by
S - Stimulated
E -Emission of
R - Radiation

G.E.C, Chamarajanagar
 DATE:04/05/2019

Four Important Process of Laser Are:

1. Absorption
2. Spontaneous Emission
3. Pumping & Population Inversion
4. Stimulated Emission of Electromagnetic
Radiation

G.E.C, Chamarajanagar
 DATE:04/05/2019

G.E.C, Chamarajanagar
 DATE:04/05/2019

INTRODUCTION:
 There is a growing need for strategic management of the
national roadway network to preserve the large capital
investment.
 Pavement management activities require accurate, fast
and cost effective pavement test techniques to record
current status of the pavement structures in rapid manner.
 Laser technique has the characteristics of high accuracy,
high resolution and repeatability, and has been widely
applied in the range finding.

G.E.C, Chamarajanagar
 DATE:04/05/2019

G.E.C, Chamarajanagar
 DATE:04/05/2019

 The road profile is the shape of the road in

the vertical plane along a reference line.
 Profilometer is a measuring instrument
used to measure a surface's profile.

LASER BASED ROAD SURFACE

PROFILER (RSP)
The system consists of two primary
components:
8
a. A transducer unit carrying laser sensors
and accelerometers.
b. A pc with expansion slot capability.
G.E.C, Chamarajanagar
 DATE:04/05/2019

PROFILER COMPONENTS 9

G.E.C, Chamarajanagar
 DATE:04/05/2019

G.E.C
VEHICLE FITTED WITH LASER
10
PROFILER
G.E.C, Chamarajanagar
 DATE:04/05/2019

11
LASER PROFILER
G.E.C, Chamarajanagar
 DATE:04/05/2019

GRAPH

12

G.E.C, Chamarajanagar
 DATE:04/05/2019

13

G.E.C, Chamarajanagar
 DATE:04/05/2019

 Pavement surface deflection measurements are the primary means

of evaluating flexible structure and rigid pavements load transfer

 Deflection is important criteria for pavement structural layer

stiffness and the sub grade thus; many characteristics of flexible
pavements can be determined by measuring its deflection in
response to load.

Types of Deflectometer
(1) Texas Rolling Dynamic Deflectometer (RDD);
(2) Airfield Rolling Weight Deflectometer (ARWD);
(3) Rolling Wheel Deflectometer (RWD);
(4) Road Deflection Tester (RDT); and
(5) High-Speed Deflectograph. 14

G.E.C, Chamarajanagar
 DATE:04/05/2019

15

G.E.C, Chamarajanagar
 DATE:04/05/2019

 The RWD is constructed using a specially designed tractor-

trailer which is 53 feet long
 trailer has a single rear axle that is loaded to 18,000 lb
 Objective: To measure pavement surface deflections at traffic
speeds and to characterize the load carrying capacity of in-
service roads

16

G.E.C, Chamarajanagar
 DATE:04/05/2019

The RWD measures wheel deflections at the pavement

surface by means of a spatially coincident method.

What is spatially coincident method?

17
 As the RWD travels on top of the pavement,
triangulation lasers mounted, on a 25.5-ft. Aluminium
beam and placed at 8-ft. intervals, are used to
measure surface deflections
G.E.C, Chamarajanagar
 DATE:04/05/2019

 The beam is mounted on the right side of the

semitrailer to follow the right wheel path on the right
lane, usually the weakest location on the pavement
structure.
 Three spot lasers are placed in front of the loaded
wheel to define the unloaded surface.
 One spot laser is placed directly on top of the loaded
dual-tire assembly in order to measure the deflected
surface.
 The laser sensors are set to collect a reading at a fixed
interval of 0.6 inch at all truck speeds
 The upgraded system has a 0.4 inch measurement
deflection range and has an accuracy of ± 0.001 inch
18

G.E.C, Chamarajanagar
 DATE:04/05/2019

19

G.E.C, Chamarajanagar
 DATE:04/05/2019

20

G.E.C, Chamarajanagar
 DATE:04/05/2019

In order to detect the performance of bridge, it usually

needs to determine the deformation of key parts of it. The
deformation is caused by changes of natural conditions and
long-term load even overload. It maybe bring damage when
exceeds the certain threshold.
Box Diagram of Instrument :

21

G.E.C, Chamarajanagar
 DATE:04/05/2019

 The deflection measurement system is composed of laser

emitter, laser receiver and upper computer
 The laser beam should be
1. long-term stability
2. anti-interference
3. high positioning accuracy
In order to ensure the accurate positioning of the spot centre.
Working:
1. Laser projects on the fixed laser screen
2. Laser image will be sampled by CCD (Charge Coupled Device) and sent
to the MCU (Micro Controller Unit)
3. A laser spot is formed in the imaging, and it is processed by
digital image processing technology
4. The coordinate of the centre of the laser spot will be calculated
5. In order to reduce measurement error, this study introduces tilt
sensor to measure the angle of the laser emitter.
22

G.E.C, Chamarajanagar
 DATE:04/05/2019

 A is the datum position

 B is the laser light spot position
 L is the length of AB line
 Φ is the obliquity of light sot receiver relative to datum
plane
Δ= l cos Φ 23

G.E.C, Chamarajanagar
 DATE:04/05/2019

Advantages of Laser system for Calculating

Bridge Deflection
 Measure bridge deflection from a range of up to 30m.

 A computer-controlled scanning system controls the

laser and allows the system to scan a large area of a
structure.

 Measurements resolution of less than one mm is

possible with the system.

 No special target or surface preparation is required.

24

G.E.C, Chamarajanagar
 DATE:04/05/2019

25

G.E.C, Chamarajanagar
 DATE:04/05/2019

26

G.E.C, Chamarajanagar
 DATE:04/05/2019

LASER BASED SPEED 27

CHECKERS
G.E.C, Chamarajanagar
 DATE:04/05/2019

A laser speed gun shoots a very short burst of laser light and
then waits for it to reflect off the vehicle. The gun counts the
number of nanoseconds it takes for the round trip, and by
dividing by 2 it can calculate the distance to the car.
28

G.E.C, Chamarajanagar
 DATE:04/05/2019

29

G.E.C, Chamarajanagar
 DATE:04/05/2019

This can be fitted on any vehicle required by the

user.
 It can operate at speed at speed of 105km/h.
 It collects data in real-time as it traverses the
pavement’s surface.
 It eliminates the need for lane closures or traffic

30

G.E.C, Chamarajanagar
 DATE:04/05/2019

31

G.E.C, Chamarajanagar
 DATE:04/05/2019

Since no targets are required for the laser system,

access to difficult-to-reach areas under the bridge is
not necessary.
Also laser has fewer source of interference and has
better ability to detect decelerating vehicles.
The system is quick to set up, and results are
produced immediately after measurement.

32

G.E.C, Chamarajanagar
 DATE:04/05/2019

33

G.E.C, Chamarajanagar
 DATE:0/05/2019

34

G.E.C, Chamarajanagar
 DATE:02/05/2019

35

G.E.C, Chamarajanagar