Review of Mixtures-

Heterogeneous and
Homogeneous(Solutions)
 Mixtures

• A combination of two or more substances that

do not combine chemically, but remain the same
individual substances; can be separated by
physical means
• Two types:
– Heterogeneous
– Homogeneous
 Heterogeneous Mixture
• “Hetero” means different
• consists of visibly different
substances or phases (solid, liquid,
gas)
• a suspension is a special type of
heterogeneous mixture of larger
particles that eventually settle
• Example:
 Homogeneous Mixture
• “Homo” means the same
• has the same uniform
appearance and composition
throughout; maintain one
phase (solid, liquid, gas)
• Commonly referred to as
solutions
• Example:
 Solution
• a mixture of two or more substances that is identical
throughout
• can be physically separated
• composed of solutes and solvents

Colloids (milk, fog, jello) are considered solutions

 Heat of Solution
• During the formation of a solution,
energy is either released or
absorbed.
• Like chemical reactions the solution
process can be described as
exothermic or endothermic.
 Factors affecting the rate
of dissolving.
• Surface area- the greater the surface area of a solid
solute , the more collisions result in a faster reaction rate.
One gram of granulated sugar dissolves faster than a sugar
cube.
• Stirring- stirring moves dissolved particles away from the
surface of the solid and allows for more collisions between
solute and solvent particles.
• Temperature- increasing the temperature of the solvent
speeds up the rate of dissolving. This increases the
collisions of particles.
 Solutes Change Solvents
• The amount of solute in a solution determines
how much the physical properties of the solvent
are changed
• Examples:
 Concentration
• the amount of solute dissolved in a solvent
at a given temperature
• Described as unsaturated if it has
a low concentration of solute

• described as saturated if it
has a high concentration of
solute

• described as supersaturated if
contains more dissolved solute
than normally possible
 Solubility
• the amount of solute that dissolves in a certain
amount of a solvent at a given temperature and
pressure to produce a saturated solution
• influenced by:
 What factors affect the
rate of solubility ?
• Polarity of the solvent- “like
dissolves like.” Solution formation
happens when the solute and the
solvent are either both polar or both
nonpolar.
• Temperature- solubility of solids
increases as temperature increases.
• Pressure- increasing pressure in a
gas increases its solubility in a liquid.