SUBMITTED BY :- ANSHU KUMAR

1504120058
SUBMITTED TO :- Mrs. VIBHA SAXENA
 OPHTHALMIC
PREPARATIONS

DEFINATION:

Ophthalmic preparation is sterile product that is

intended to be applied to the eyelids or placed in
the space between the eyelids and the eyeball.
 Drugs used in the eye:

 Miotics e.g. pilocarpine Hcl

 Mydriatics e.g. Atropine
 Cycloplegics e.g. Atropine
 Anti-inflammatories e.g. corticosteroids
 Anti-infectives (antibiotics, antivirals
and antibacterial)
 OCULAR ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY

Fig. Anatomy and Physiology of the Eye

CLASSIFICATION OF OCULAR
DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS
 TYPES OF OPTHALMIC PRODUCTS

Eye drops - Ophthalmic drops (eye

drops) are sterile aqueous or oily
solutions, suspensions, or
emulsions intended for instillation
into the conjunctival sac.
 Ophthalmic drops are considered
isotonic when the tonicity is equal
to that of a 0.9% solution of sodium
chloride.
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Eye lotion – Eye lotions are the
aqueous solutions used for
washing the eyes. The eye
lotions are supplied in
concentrated form and are
required to be diluted with warm
water immediately before use.
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Eye Ointments - Ophthalmic ointments are
sterile, homogeneous, semi-solid
preparations intended for application to the
conjunctiva or the eyelids.
 They are usually prepared from non-
aqueous bases e.g. soft paraffin (Vaseline),
liquid paraffin, and wool fat.
 Eye Suspensions - Ophthalmic suspensions
contain solid particles dispersed in a liquid
vehicle; they must be homogeneous when
shaken gently and remain sufficiently
dispersed to enable the correct dose to be
removed from the container.
Contact lens- These are the sterile solutions
used to clean and disinfect contact lenses.
Contact lenses can be a way of providing
extended release of drugs into the eye.
 Strips
 Ophthalmic strips are made of
filter paper and are
individually packed to ensure
sterility until the time of use.

 sodium used as a diagnostic

strips to visualize defects or
aberrations in the corneal
epithelium by staining the
areas of cellular loss.
 INJECTIONS

 While injections are

considered a dosage form for
nomenclature purposes, they
are not treated as a dosage
form in this paper.

 it’s the new innovation of

pharmaceutical science.
 IMPLANTS

 Implants have been widely

employed to extend the release
of drugs in ocular fluids and
tissues particularly in the
posterior segment.
 Packaging of Opthalmic Products

 Containers: The eye drops should be packed in neutral

glass containers or in suitable plastic containers.
 In olden days the eye drops are stored in

vertically fluted amber coloured glass

bottles fitted with a Bakelite cap
carrying a dropper.

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Plastic bottole: The plastic squeeze
bottles having ridged plastic cap and
polythene friction plug containing baffle
that produces uniform drops are also
used these days.
These are very handy. These bottles are
sterilized by gaseous sterilization
method.
ADVANTAGES :-

 Low dose.
 Control release.
 Patient compliance.
 DISADVANTAGES:

 Costly
 Retain in eye for 7 days.
 Periodic check.
 Replacement of contaiminated unit with
fresh one.

 Challenging to position into eye

Thanks
to
All