CH.

13 HEAT &
TEMPERATURE
NOTES
VIDEO CLIP 20 & 21
http://www.animatedscience.co.
uk/flv/
TEMPERATURE
isa measure of the average kinetic
energy of all particles within an
object.

indicates how warm or cold an

object is with regards to the
standard.
A thermometer
is a device that
measures
temperature.
 TEMPERATURE SCALES
 Fahrenheit is a temperature scale used mostly in
the United States.
 Celsius is the temperature scale used mostly in
other countries and in science. Based on 0 C
being freezing point and 100 C being boiling
point, the difference between those two points is
divided up into 100 equal parts.

 Kelvin scale is the temperature scale used by

scientists, where all of the numbers are positive.
It is based off the idea of absolute zero.
WHAT IS THE CELSIUS TO FAHRENHEIT
CONVERSION?
 F = (1.8 x C) + 32.0

 Convert 25 C to  F
  F = 77 (Did you get it right? Try this
one!)

 Convert 0 C to  F
  F = 32 (The freezing & melting point
of water)
WHAT IS THE FAHRENHEIT TO CELSIUS
CONVERSION?
 C = (F - 32.0)
1.8
 Convert your body temperature 98.6 F
to C .
 C = 37

 Convert a warm Spring day’s

temperature of 78 F to C
 C = 26
WHAT IS THE CELSIUS TO KELVIN
CONVERSION?
K = C + 273

 Convert the temperature of a winter day

at the North Pole (- 40.0 C) to both
degrees Fahrenheit and Kelvin.
TRY IT USING THE USUAL SET UP
Unknown & Equations: Substitute &
Known: solve:
U: F = (1.8 x C) + F = (1.8 x
F = ? 32.0 40.0C) + 32.0
K=? F = 40.0 F
K: K = C + 273 K = 40.0 C +
C = 40.0
273
K = 233 K
ABSOLUTE ZERO
isthe lowest possible temperature .
An object’s energy is zero. There is
no possible transfer of energy.
DEALING WITH TEMPERATURE WHEN
DOES AN ENERGY TRANSFER OCCUR?

The feeling associated with

temperature difference results from
energy transfer.
Energy is transferred from a hotter
object to a cooler object.
Example –Holding a piece of ice.
The ice is at a lower temperature than
your hand, so the molecules of ice move
very slowly. Your hand’s molecules are
moving much faster than the ice because
it is at a higher temperature. As a result,
the molecules of your hand collide with
the ice molecules and energy is
transferred so the ice molecules start to
move faster causing the ice to melt.
WHEN IS THERE NO TRANSFER OF
ENERGY IN REGARDS TO TEMPERATURE?
Ifboth objects are the same
temperature there is no transfer of
energy AND

when the temperature is at absolute

zero.
HEAT
isthe transfer of energy from the
particles of one object due to a
temperature difference between the
two objects.
Draw a picture to show what happens to the molecules
as thermal energy (heat) is added to the particles
More
Thermal
Energy
Draw a picture to show what happens to the molecules
as thermal energy (heat) is taken away from the
particles
Less
Thermal
Energy

http://www.middleschoolchemistry.com/multimedia/chapter2/lesson5#melt
ing_ice

http://www.middleschoolchemistry.com/multimedia/chapter2/lesson5#melt
ing_ice
Molecules begin to move faster as thermal energy is
added.
More
Thermal
Energy

Molecules begin to move slower as thermal energy is

taken away.

Less
Thermal
Energy
SECT. 10.2 ENERGY
TRANSFER NOTES
THREE METHODS OF ENERGY
TRANSFER …

1. Conduction
2. Convection
3. Radiation
WHAT IS CONDUCTION?
Itis the transfer of energy as
heat between particles as they
collide within a substance or
between two objects in
contact.
http://www.animatedscience.
co.uk/flv/ (24)
TWO FACTORS INVOLVED IN
CONDUCTION

1. Has the direct contact of objects

or atoms.
2. Usually is an energy transfer
between solids
Example:
 Leaving
a metal spoon in a pot of
soup cooking on the stove.
WHEN YOU HEAT A METAL STRIP AT ONE END, THE
HEAT TRAVELS TO THE OTHER END.
WHAT IS CONVECTION?
It is the transfer of energy by
the movement of fluids with
different temperature.
http://www.animatedscience.
co.uk/flv/ (27)
HOW DOES CONVECTION MOVE?
It is a result
from the
movement of
hotter fluids
to colder
fluids.
TWO TYPES OF FLUIDS
Gases and
liquids.
CONVECTION CURRENT.
isthe flow of a fluid due to the
heated expansion followed by
cooling and contraction
Examples:
 Glowing embers caught in the warmed
air above a campfire, or the movement
inside the earth for the plate tectonic
movement.
WATER MOVEMENT

Cools at the Convection

surface current

Cooler Hot water

water sinks rises
WHAT IS RADIATION?
Radiation is the transfer of
energy by electromagnetic waves.
Examples:
 When you stand by fire, your skin
absorbs the energy radiated by the
fire.
 http://www.animatedscience.co.u
k/flv/ (29)
How does heat energy get
from the Sun to the Earth? There are no particles
between the Sun and the
Earth so it CANNOT travel
by conduction or by
convection.

RADIATION
?
HOW DOES RADIATION DIFFER
FROM CONDUCTION AND
CONVECTION?

Itdoes not involve or the

movement of matter (or physical
contact between objects). So it
can travel through a vacuum like
space.
HOW IS RADIATION LIKE
CONVECTION?

Radiation is like convection in

that it can travel through fluids.
CONDUCTORS
are materials through which energy
can easily be transferred as heat.
Examples - Some cooking pan,
copper, and silver.
In general metals are better than
nonmetals.
INSULATORS
are materials that are poor
energy conductors.
Examples - Some insulators are
wood, foam, rubber, and
polystyrene