Approximately 50% Of
Non-Performance Incidents
Can Be Attributed To
Objective
Improve Preventive Maintenance to avoid
overheating problems
Lower Operating Costs through good system
maintenance
Lower Cost per Hour
The Importance Of The Cooling System
Radiated
Energy
Cooling
Flywheel HP System
Energy
Engine Power Dissipation
30% Exhaust HP
7%
Radiated HP
30%
Cooling HP
33%
Flywheel HP
Engine Cooling System
Thermostat
Cylinder Head Housing
Water Bypass
Radiator
Water Pump
Fan
Coolant
Water Temperature
Regulator
Cooling System Problems
Overheating
Overcooling
Loss Of Coolant
Typical Overheating Causes
Effects
Drawbacks
Contains chlorides, sulfates, and suspended solids
Causes Scales & Deposits That Plug Radiators And Fail
Water Pumps, Builds Sediment
Improper pH Level
Attacks Copper, Aluminum & Steel Engine Components,
Causes Corrosion & Damaged Seals
Corrosion of the
copper or aluminum
Corrosion of the steel Thermostat radiator core
& cast iron surfaces Cylinder Head
Housing Radiator
Water Bypass
Function
Transfer Heat From Hot Engine Components To A
Radiator Or Heat Exchanger
Additive protection is required to improve the properties of the base
source water
Desired Characteristics
Higher Boiling Temperature
Lower Freeze Protection
Corrosion Resistance
Scale & Deposit Prevention
Non Foaming
Minimum Sediment
Maintain pH between 5.5 -9
Traditional Coolant Problems
Foaming
Cavitation & Pitting On Cylinder Wall
Sebacates Expensive
Poor aluminum protection
Functions Of Engine Coolant Additives
Additive Function
Phosphate Iron Protection & pH Control
Borate Iron Protection & pH Control
Molybdate Iron Protection
Dicarboxylates Iron & Aluminum Protection
Carboxylates Iron & Aluminum Protection
Mercaptobenzothiazole(MBT) Copper & Brass Protection
Tolytrazole(TT) Copper & Brass Protection
Nitrate Cast Iron & Steel Protection
Liner Cavitation Protection
Aluminum & Solder Protection
Silicate Aluminum Protection
Silicones Antifoaming Agent
Black Polymers Antifoam / Scale & Deposit Control
Dispersants Scale & Deposit Control
Surfactants Scale & Deposit Control
Corrosion Inhibitor Depletion Rates
120
Percent Protection
IRON
100 BORATE
ALIMINUM
& SOLDER
NITRATE
COPPER & BRASS
80 TT
IRON
PHOSPHATE
60
40 CYLINDER LINERS
MBT NITRITE
SILICATE
20
Environmentally Friendly
Reduced Disposal Volume
And Is Recyclable
Cat Extended Life Coolant - ELC
Benefits Continued
Maintain Cylinder Liner Cavitation Resistance
I
ncr
ea
se
dU
p-Ti
m e
Red
uc
ed
Mai
nte
nan
ce
Co
st
s
H
i
ghl
igh
t
sPr
obl
emAr
ea
s
R
e
duced
Par
t
s U
sag
e
R
e
duced
Lab
orReq
u
ir
eme
nt
s
Red
ucedI
nve
n
toryReq
ui
reme
nt
s
Sch
edu
ledDo
wnti
m e
I
m p
rov
edEng
i
ne Oi
lPe
rfo
rman
ce&
Li
fe
Opt
i
m i
zedCo
ol
antDra
i
n I
nte
r
va
ls
W
i
lla
nOu t
sta
ndi
ngC oo
l
antCo
rre
ct
M
e
cha
nic
alorOpera
ti
ona
lPro
bl
ems?
Str
ay Cur
rent(Posit
iveorNegati
ve)
Residua
lC l
e aner(Amm onia
,ED TA,etc.)
Local
ize
d Ho tS pots(Gl
ycolOxida
t i
on )
No f
lowthru turbocha r
g er (
3 40 6E W CT C)
Hig
h C o
ol
antT em pe r
a t
u res(Lan
dfi
llGas E
ngi
n e
s)
I
n a
deq u
at
e C ool-
do wn afterH ea vy Lo a
d i
n g
Fai
led F
uelIn j
ec t
or S e
a l(Fu
elin Coolant
)
Blown H
ea dG aske t(
E x
haustGases i
n Cool
a n
t)
CrackedBlock (
ExhaustGasesinCoolant)
Previ
ousl
y Block ed Coo l
a ntP ass ag es
Cat Extended Life Coolant
Quantity of Extender
Needed at Cat Long Life Coolant/Antifreeze Half-Life*
Approximate Amount at
Cooling System Capacity 150,000 Miles or 3,000 Hours* *
Initial Fill
Select Proper Water, Coolant Additive & Antifreeze
Always Premix Before Adding To Cooling System
Do Not Fill faster Than 19 Liters (5 gal) / min
After Filling, Run Engine For Several Minutes With Radiator
Cap Off
Install Radiator Cap And Run Engine At Low Idle Until
Engine Becomes Warm
Inspect Level In Top Tank. Add Coolant If Necessary
Never mix DEAC and Cat ELC
Cooling System Maintenance
Objective
Improve PM To Avoid Overheating Problems
Lower Operating Costs Through Good System Maintenance
Lower Cost Per Hour
Preventative Maintenance - 10 / 250 SMU
SCA
A Supplemental Coolant Additive, usually containing nitrite
and other corrosion inhibitors, which is used to replenish
depleted corrosion inhibitors to assure good protection of
wet sleeve cylinder liners and other cooling system
components.
Cat Supplemental Coolant Additive (SCA)
Fluid condition
More vital now: systems are high performance, and good heat
dissipation is essential
Reduce risk of component failure
Half of engine problems
caused or accelerated by
poor cooling system
performance
Leads to
before-failure repairs
Another clue in the life cycle management process
S•O•SSM Coolant Analysis
Multi-level analysis
Field screening
Cooling system obvious problems awareness
Generally done by visiting dealer personnel
Basic tests done with a coolant analysis kit
– Refractometer for glycol %
– Test strips for nitrite check
– pH meter for pH
– Odor and appearance
Level 1 analysis
Generally done in a dealer lab
Level 2 analysis
Generally done in a specialized lab
S•O•SSM Coolant Analysis
•Ammonia
•Burnt Odor
•Diesel Fuel
•Solvent
•Ketone
•Fungal
•Sulfide
•Other
G
l
yco
lOxi
dat
ionPr
oduc
ts
ver
sus
Cool
antHour
s
Und
ernormalengi
ne condi
tionsethy
le
ne
g
lyc
olgradual
lyoxi
dizest
o glycol
icac
id,
t
hent
o oxal
icaci
d orfor
m i
c aci
d,and
f
ina
l
lyt
o carbondio
xide.A l
lofthese
p
rod
u c
tsareacid
icand r
esu l
tinthe
r
edu
cti
on ofthecool
antpH.T he r
ateof
f
orm
ati
on ofthes
e aci
ds(ortheratet
he
p
H d
rops)canindi
cateoverheat
ing
(
gen
eral
lyorloca
ll
y)o re
ntrai
n mentof
e
xce
ss ai
rinthecoolant
.
N
i
t
ri
te
/N
i
tr
at
evs
.
Coo
l
ant
Hou
r
s
Ni
t
ri
tei
sox
idi
ze
dt
oni
tr
at
ein
the
c
ool
in
g s
yst
emov
er
ti
me.An
i
ncr
ea
seint
hi
sra
t
eofo
xi
dat
i
on
u
sual
l
yind
ic
at
ese
it
he
rov
erh
ea
ti
ng
o
fthe
cool
ant
(g
en
er
al
lyo
rl
oca
ll
y)
o
ranano
di
c s
tr
ay
cur
r
ent
(po
si
ti
ve
).
N
i
tri
te/
Ni
tra
tevs
.Gl
ycolO
x
id
ati
on
Pro
du
cts
vs.Co
ol
antHo
ur
s
Therel
a t
iverat
e ofnit
rit
e ox
idatio
n vs.
gl
ycoloxidat
ion c
a nb eused t
o
di
sti
ngu i
sh bet
w e
e nco ol
antove r
heati
ng
a
n dpos i
ti
vestraycurrent.Str
a ycurr
en t
wi
lloxi
d i
ze t
he ni
tri
teb u
t wi
llhaveno
e
ffecton t
he gl
ycol.A rapiddec r
easein
t
he ni
tri
te c
oncentrati
on coupl
ed wit
h a
mini
m alincr
easein gl
y c
olat
e & for
m at
e
poi
ntsto st
raycurrent.A ra
p i
d
oxi
dati
o nofbothn i
tri
te& gl
y c
o lpoi
nts
t
o over
h eat
ing.
L
e
ad
/T
i
n L
e
ve
l&R
a
ti
o
Leadconcentr
at
ionsg r
eat
erthan1
0
t
imes t
heti
n concent
rat
ion(whent
he
l
ead l
eveli
s gr
eat
er t
han30p pm)
i
ndicat
esthatahighlea
d sol
derex
is
ts
i
n t
he co
oli
n gsyst
em .Thi
s t
ypeof
sol
derismu c
h har
d e
r t
oprot
ect(w
it
h
convent
i
on alco
olant
)thana60/4
0or
70/
30solder
.Ifi
t i
s p
resenti
n t
he
syst
em t
he cool
antm ustb
e mai
nta
ine
d
neari
tsnew condi
ti
on.
C
a
r
bo
na
t
eLe
v
el
Ar
api
dri
sei
nth
ec
arb
ona
tel
eve
l
,
u
sua
ll
ycou
pl
edwi
t
h a
rap
idde
cr
ea
se
i
npH(
usua
ll
ybe
l
ow6.
0)i
ndi
ca
te
st
he
i
ngr
e
ssofex
hau
s
tgas
esi
ntot
he
c
ool
ant
.Che
ckf
or
a b
lo
wnhead
g
ask
etor
acra
ck
edbl
ock
.
A
mm
on
i
a
Ats
uffi
ci
entl
yhig
h pH,amm oni
um
s
alt
s ar
e de
tect
abl
e byt
heirodor(
at
l
evel
snear50 p
pm amm oni
a).Ift
he
pHisle
ss t
han8.
5,a por
ti
on oft
he
s
am pl
e s
houldbetr
eat
ed wit
h KOHor
NaOHbefor
e smel
li
ng.Thistes
t c
an
a
nd sho
uldbe p
erf
ormed i
n t
hefie
ld
(
part
icul
arl
yaft
ercl
eani
ng t
he sy
st
em
wi
than ammoni
a c
ontai
nin
g cl
eaner
).
C
o
ol
ing
Sy
st
emC
l
ean
e
rs
Co
oli
ng s
yst
em cl
eanersare
,b ythei
r
n
atu
re,agg
ress
ive t
ocom po
n ent
s o
f t
he
c
ool
ingsys
tem.F as
tacti
ng cl
eaners
mus
t bees
peci
all
y agg
ressi
ve t
o work
r
api
dly.The
sep r
o d
uctsshoul
d be
r
ins
ed t
hor
oughl
y bef
orenew coola
ntis
a
dded t
oth
e sy
stem.Ifthecleaner
c
ont
ainsammonia,t
he a
m mon i
a sp
ot
t
ests
h o
uldberunon t
herinses.
Ov
er
heat
in
gw
it
hNo
Oxy
ge
n
(
NoFl
ow)
V
ery
hight
em per
atur
es(>4
00oF)i
n
t
hea
bsens
e ofoxyge
n wi
llc
rackt
he
g
lyc
o
lm ol
ecul
e t
o f
orm k
eton
esand
a
lde
h
ydes.Thesesol
vent
sw i
l
lgive
t
hec
ool
antad i
sti
nct
iv
e od
or(si
m i
l
ar
t
oac
et
one)and,i
n suf
fi
ci
ent
q
uan
ti
ti
es,wi
llr
educetheni
tr
it
esin
t
heb
ul
k cool
ant(but
notconv
ert
t
hemt
onit
rat
e).
O
v
er
hea
t
ing
wi
thL
ow
Ox
yg
en
(
Low
fl
ow)
Veryhightemperat
ures(>40
0oF)in
l
ow fl
ow condit
ionscancrackthe
gl
ycolm ole
culetofor
m ketonesand
al
dehydes andatthesame t
ime cr
eate
oxi
dati
on product
sand burn
t odor
s.
Underlow f
lowcondit
ions(e.
g.turbo
l
ineslacki
ng pr
essuredif
fer
enti
alor
poorcir
culat
ionw/exhaustgas
cool
er)som ecool
antbu r
ni
ng wil
l
occur(burntod
or,al
so).Agai
n ni
tri
tes
may depl
ete(wi
thoutbeingoxi
dizedto
ni
trat
es).
C
o
ol
an
tA
n
al
ys
isP
r
og
r
am
B
en
ef
i
ts
t
oC
at
e
rp
il
l
ar
P
r
ov
i
des
Pr
od
uc
t
Sup
p
or
t
R
e
du
c
es
Po
l
i
cya
n
dWa
r
r
an
ty
A
s
si
st
si
nCo
n
tr
a
ct
ua
lM
an
a
ge
me
n
t
C
o
ol
ant
Ana
l
ysi
s P
r
ogr
amB
e
ne
fi
ts
t
oth
eD
ea
l
er
G
o
od
Co
mmu
ni
cat
i
onT
oo
l
E
nh
anc
es
Cus
t
ome
rS
up
po
r
t
A
gr
eem
en
ts
E
x
pa
nd
sKno
wl
edg
eo
fSu
pp
or
t
P
e
rs
on
ne
l
M
e
et
s/
Exc
ee
ds
Com
p
et
i
ti
veC
ha
l
len
ge
s
C
o
ol
ant
Ana
l
ysi
sPr
og
ra
m
B
en
ef
it
s
t
ot
heC
u
st
ome
r
I
mpr
ov
es
Cu
st
ome
rU
nd
e
rs
t
and
i
ng
I
ncr
ea
se
sE
ng
i
neP
e
rf
or
man
c
e
I
ncr
ea
se
sE
ng
i
neL
i
fe
H
A
PP
YC
US
T
OM
ER
!
!!
Glycol’s Boil Protection
Optimum Cooling
Higher Pressures
Better Flows
Vapor Pressure vs. Temperature
Temperature Pressure
160oF 4.74 psia
180oF 7.5 psia
200oF 11.5 psia
212oF 14.7 psia
225oF 18.9 psia
250oF 29.8 psia
Coolant recommendations
Recommend* Alternative
ELC DEAC
Coolant meeting Coolant meeting ASTM D4985
Caterpillar EC-1 spec or D5345 spec