Gall Bladder
Gall Bladder
Moore K, et al. 2014. Biliary Duct and Gallbladder in Moore Clinically Oriented Anatomy 7th edition. Lippincolt Wiliam & Wilkin. P: 277 – 289
Ellis H. 2006. Clinical Anatomy 11th edition. Blackwell Publishing. P: 99-101
Trelease, R.2011. Netter's Surgical Anatomy Review. Elsevier Saunders.. p: 95 - 108
• Terdiri dari 3 bagian
• Fundus
• Body
• Neck
Moore K, et al. 2014. Biliary Duct and Gallbladder in Moore Clinically Oriented Anatomy 7th edition. Lippincolt Wiliam & Wilkin. P: 277 –
289
• Infundibulum: bagian dari gall bladder
yang terletak antara neck dan cystic
duct (Hartmann Pouch) yang menonjol
ketika terjadi kondisi patologis
• Tempat dimana gallstone terbiasa
terbentuk
Moore K, et al. 2014. Biliary Duct and Gallbladder in Moore Clinically Oriented Anatomy 7th edition. Lippincolt Wiliam & Wilkin.
P: 277 – 289
Pitt H, Nakeeb A, Espat N. 2012. Bile secretion and pathophysiology of billiary tract obstruction in Blumgart's Surgery of Liver,
Inervasi
• Persyarafan dari gallbladder
• plexus celiaca (simpatis &
visceral afferent)
• N. vagus ( parasimpatis)
• N. phrenicus dextra ( somatic
afferent)
Moore K, et al. 2014. Biliary Duct and Gallbladder in Moore Clinically Oriented Anatomy 7th edition. Lippincolt
Wiliam & Wilkin. P: 277 – 289
Ikterus
Pitt H, Nakeeb A, Espat N. 2012. Bile secretion and pathophysiology of billiary tract obstruction in
Blumgart's Surgery of Liver, Biliary Tract, and Pancreas 5th ed. Elsevier Saunders. p: 113-122
Gallstone • Batu Empedu
• cholesterol (37-86%),
pigment (2-27%), calcium (1-
17%), or mixed (4-16%
• Sebagian besar asimptomatis
• Dibedakan menjadi primer &
sekunder
• Simptomatis jika
menyebabkan obstruksi atau
trauma mekasnis di
gallbladder
• Bagian ujung distal dari
ampula hepatopancreatica
bagian tersempit
Moore K, et al. 2014. Biliary Duct and Gallbladder in Moore Clinically Oriented Anatomy 7th
edition. Lippincolt Wiliam & Wilkin. P: 277 – 289
Trelease, R. 2011.Netter's Surgical Anatomy Review. Elsevier Saunders.. p: 95 - 108
Cholesistectomy
Retrograde
Open
Cholesistectomy Anterograde
Laparascopic
Pitt H, Nakeeb A, Espat N. 2012. Bile secretion and pathophysiology of billiary tract obstruction in
Blumgart's Surgery of Liver, Biliary Tract, and Pancreas 5th ed. Elsevier Saunders. p: 113-122
Korelasi Anatomi & Pembedahan
Pengenalan anatomi akan mencegah terjadinya trauma iatrogenik
Gallblader
• Intrahepatic gallbladder: diseksi sulit & kemungkinan menimbulkan trauma dari liver, vena
porta, &cabang vena liver
• Hartmann’s Pouch: membesar saat terjadi kodisi patologi menutup cystic duct & Calot’s
triangle kesulitan dalam identiifikasi
Cystic duct
• Memerlukan identifikasi sebelum dilakukan pembedahan
• Ukuran p: 2 - 4 cm; l: 2 – 3 mm sulit melakukan ligase
• Sulit melakukan identifikasi: mirip dengan struktur bile duct. Jika ukuran d> 5mm,
kecurigaan merupakan bile duct
• Cystic duct hanya boleh diligasi jika gambaran hubungan antara cystic duct & gallblasser
tampak jelas
Nagral S. Anatomy relevant to cholecystectomy. Journal of Minimal Acces Surgery. 2005:1
Korelasi Anatomi & Pembedahan
Calot’s Triangle
• Hal penting untuk diketahuii dalam Cholecystectomy
• Dibatasi oleh batas , cystic duct, cystic artery, hepatic duct
• Ukuran kecil: sulit melakukan diseksi
• Calot’s triangle: dilakukakn diseksi pada saat cholecystectomy
identifikasi cystic artery & cystic duct
• Kesalahan yeng sering terjadi: kegagalan memahami batas bagian atas
• Tepi bawah hepar
• Cystic aretry
Nagral S. Anatomy relevant to cholecystectomy. Journal of Minimal Acces Surgery. 2005:1
Pitt H, Nakeeb A, Espat N. 2012. Bile secretion and pathophysiology of billiary tract obstruction in Blumgart's
Surgery of Liver, Biliary Tract, and Pancreas 5th ed. Elsevier Saunders. p: 113-122
Open Cholecystectomy
Indikasi:
• Kolik billier
• Pankreatitis billier
• Cholecystitis
• Choledocholithiasis
Tekhnik Operasi:
• Tekhnik retrograde.
• Tekhnik Anterrograde atau fundus-down
Anterograde
• Diseksi dimulai dari bagian fundus dari gallbladder
• Digunakan jika gambaran anatomi kurang jelas dikarenakan adanya
inflamasi akut/ kronis
• Diseksi awal di fundus memungkinkan gambaran anatomi lebih jelas
Pitt H, Nakeeb A, Espat N. 2012. Bile secretion and
pathophysiology of billiary tract obstruction in Blumgart's
Surgery of Liver, Biliary Tract, and Pancreas 5th ed. Elsevier
Retrograde Cholecystectomy
Pitt H, Nakeeb A, Espat N. 2012. Bile secretion and pathophysiology of billiary tract obstruction in
Blumgart's Surgery of Liver, Biliary Tract, and Pancreas 5th ed. Elsevier Saunders.
Anterograde Cholecystectomy
Laparascopic Cholesistectomy
• Merupakan gold standar dalam penganan batu nyeri<<, cosmetic
bagus, disabilti <<
• Indikasi:
• Cholelithiasis simptomatis: colic billier, acute cholecystitis
• Cholelithiasis asimptomatis: Sickle cell dis, imuunosupression
Explore CBD
Indikasi
• Ikterus
• Kecurigaan adanya batu
• Adanya penebalan dan dilatasi pada CBD
• Adanya penebalan pada caput pankreas
Zollinger R, Ellison E. Zollinger's Atlas of Surgical Operation 9th ed. Mc Graw Hills. 2011
Zollinger R, Ellison E. Zollinger's Atlas of Surgical Operation 9th ed. Mc Graw Hills. 2011
Zollinger R, Ellison E. Zollinger's Atlas of Surgical Operation 9th
ed. Mc Graw Hills. 2011
Investigasi Post Explorasi
Duktus harus dipastikan berfungsi normal
• Choledochoscopy
• Metode untuk memastikan duktus normal
• Memberikan visualisasi dari ductus dan dapat digunakan untuk
menghilangkkan batu dengan choledoskop