MALLAS DE SIMULACION
Modelos de simulación
x
y
Z
2
4
Problemas unidimensionales
Aplicaciones
Equilibrio vertical
Bi - dimensional, Areal
X
Y 1 2 3 4
1
2
3
4
Bi - dimensional, Areal
Aplicaciones
Z
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
Bi - dimensional, Vertical
Aplicaciones
X
Y
1 2
Z
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
Problemas tridimensionales
Aplicaciones
Modelamiento “fullfield”
Coordenadas cilindricas
Gas-Oil Contact
Completion
Oil-W ater Contact
Interval
r
Coordenadas cilindricas
Aplicaciones
Rastreo de contactos
Conificacion
Tipos comunes de grid
Radial
Cartesiano
PEBI
CVFE
Tipos comunes de grid
Localmente refinados
Permitiendo mayor
resolucion espacial
localizada en areas de
interes
La correcta localizacion
del refinamiento traduce
en optimizacion del
numero de celdas del
modelo y tiempo de
corrida
Common Types of Grid
Algunos no se puden
resolver
Problemas de
convergencia
Limitaciones de
Timestep
Pueden provocar que la
simulacion pare
Transmisibilidades
incorrectas
Las conecciones
pueden hacerse de
manera incorrecta
Efectos numericos
Heterogeneidad de Yacimiento
Pore volume
Depth
Transmissibility
Simplistically :
xi xi+1
fi ki fi+1 ki+1
Cell i
Cell i+1
Interface Area
Simple cartesian grids
Area = (xi+1(yi * zi) * NTGi ) + (xi (yi+1 * zi+1) * NTGi+1 ) / xi +
xi+1
A correction for dip angle has to be made
Tranx i to i+1 = Multiplier * Area * Dip Correction * Permeability
Point distributed grids
(i j k) Normal Connection
(i+1 j k)
(i j k+1) Non-Neighbour Connection
Scale of Fault
Default
All fault connections
are sand to sand
Transmissibility only
modified by the
overlap area
GridBuilder Data menu
Defined map faults allow
individual selection
Without any map all fault
connections selected
Modelling Shale
Issues to consider
Is it dispersed or does it form distinct layers?
How much hydrocarbon is contained in the shale?
Is any of it recoverable?
Beware of cut-offs removing mobile fluid.
Is it semi-permeable and are there windows?
How thick is it?
How laterally extensive is it?
Modelling Shale