Seals and Gaskets Week13

Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
SEALS
AND
GASKET
NONMETALLIC COMPONENTS
• Modern aircraft utilize a great deal of
nonmetallic on various important
components.
• Therefore, we should be familiar with
these materials as well as their proper use
and handling.
SEALS
• Seals or packing serve both to retain fluids
in their operating system and to exclude
air and contaminants.
• Packing and gasket must be able to
perform under a wide range of operating
pressure and temperatures.
Seals Gasket
• Packings are made in the form of O-rings,

V-rings, and U-rings, each designed for a
specific purpose.
O-rings V-rings U-rings
• Synthetic or natural rubber packing are

generally used as “running seals” in units
that contain moving parts, such as
actuating cylinders, pumps, and selector
valve.
O-RING PACKING
• O-ring packing effectively seal in both
directions and used to prevent both
internal and external leakage.
• O-rings are the most commonly used
seals in aviation and subjected to
pressures above 1,500 psi.
• Most O-rings are similar in appearance
and texture.
• An O-ring intended specifically as a

stationary seal generally will not seal a
moving part such as a hydraulic piston.
• Hydraulic O-rings were originally
established under AN specification
numbers 6227, 6230 and 6290 for use
with MIL-H-5606 hydraulic fluid.
Backup Rings
• Applications such as actuators that subject a seal to
pressure from two sides, two backup rings must be
used.
Example : Aileron trim actuator discovered vibrating flight spoiler #2.
Input and output signals are counteracting each other which results in
this abnormal vibration of flight spoiler.
• Backup rings are commonly made of

Teflon and therefore do not deteriorate
with age, are unaffected by any system
fluid, vapor or high-pressure hydraulic
systems.
• Backup rings are not colour coded or
marked and must be identified from
package labels.
TEFLON MATERIALS
V-Ring Packing (CHEVRON)

• V-ring packings(AN6225) are one-way
seals that are installed with the open end
of the “V” facing pressure.
• Each V-ring packing consists of a male
and female adapter that hold the packings
in the proper position after installation.
U-Ring Packings
• U-ring packing (AN6226) and U-cup
packing are used in brake assemblies and
brake master cylinders.
• U-ring and U-cup packing seal in only one
direction, their concave surfaces must face
toward the pressure.
• U-ring packing are primarily low-pressure
packing that are used with pressures less
than 1,000 psi.
Shock Absorber cord

• To absorb the shock loads associated with
landing, some older aircraft utilize shock
absorber cord on their landing gear.
• The cord is installed between the two main
gears and stretches under heavy loads
allowing the main gear to spread out and
absorb sudden shocks.
Shock absorber cord

• Shock absorber cord is made from natural

rubber strands encased in a braided cover
of woven cotton cords treated to resist
oxidation and wear.
• To achieve a high degree of tension and
elongation, rubber strands are stretched to
three times their original length before the
woven jacket is applied.
• Shock cord is used in landing gear to reduce shock

transmitted to fuselage while landing and taxiing on other
shock mounting applications.
LANDING GEAR SHOCK CORDS/RINGS
• Three coloured threads are braided into a

cord’s outer cover.
• Two of these threads are the same colour
and represents the year the cord was
manufactured.
• The third thread, which is a different
colour, represents the quarter of the year
the cord was made.
• The colours cover a 5 year period and

then repeat.
YEAR MARKING
1995 BLUE
1996 YELLOW
1997 BLACK
1998 GREEN
1999 RED
QUARTER MARKING
JAN, FEB, MARCH RED

APR, MAY, JUNE BLUE
JULY, AUG, SEPT GREEN
OCT, NOV, DEC YELLOW
Since a shock absorber cord’s elasticity deteriorates

with age, a colour code indicates its date of
manufacture.
• There are two types of elastic shock-absorbing cord.

Type I is a straight cord, and
Type II is a continuous ring, known as a “bungee”.
• Type II cords have the advantage of being easily and

quickly replaced, and do not have to be secured by
stretching and whipping.
• Shock cord is available in standard diameters from 1/4

inch to 13/16 inch.
GASKETS
• Gaskets are used in fluid systems around the
end caps of actuating cylinders, valves and other
units.
• A gasket is shaped specifically for its intended
use and sometimes resembles the shape of an
O-ring.
• Gasket materials used in stationary applications
between two flat surfaces include copper, cork,
and rubber.
GASKET
Solid Copper Washer
• A solid copper washer is commonly used for

spark plug gaskets and some hydraulic fittings
that require a noncompressible yet semi-soft
gasket.
• When compressed between two solid surfaces,
the copper deforms to provide a tight seal.
Spark plug Gaskets Spark Plugs

Cork Gasket
• When mating surfaces are uneven or rough, a
gasket must be placed between the two
surfaces.
• The gasket material must be able to expand or
compress to provide an adequate seal.
Cork gasket Materials Cork gasket

Rubber Sheeting
• Rubber sheeting is often used anywhere a

compressible gasket is required. Its flexibility
allows it to compress easily to provide a tight
seal.
• If rubber seals are exposed to gasoline, oil, or

some types of hydraulic fluid, they will
deteriorate.
Rubber sheeting Materials Rubber Sheeting Gaskets

Wipers
• Wipers clean and lubricate the exposed portions
of piston shafts.
• By literally wiping a surface, they prevent

dirt from entering the system and help to
protect the piston shaft from scoring.

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Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

• Packings are made in the form of O-rings,

• Synthetic or natural rubber packing are

• An O-ring intended specifically as a

• Backup rings are commonly made of

V-Ring Packing (CHEVRON)

Shock Absorber cord

Shock absorber cord

• Shock absorber cord is made from natural

• Shock cord is used in landing gear to reduce shock

• Three coloured threads are braided into a

• The colours cover a 5 year period and

JAN, FEB, MARCH RED

Since a shock absorber cord’s elasticity deteriorates

• There are two types of elastic shock-absorbing cord.

• Type II cords have the advantage of being easily and

• Shock cord is available in standard diameters from 1/4

Solid Copper Washer

• A solid copper washer is commonly used for

Spark plug Gaskets Spark Plugs

Cork gasket Materials Cork gasket

• Rubber sheeting is often used anywhere a

• If rubber seals are exposed to gasoline, oil, or

Rubber sheeting Materials Rubber Sheeting Gaskets

• By literally wiping a surface, they prevent

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