TWO

FIGURES
ONE
WORD
ESSAY
EXPLANE
SPEAK
REPORT
INFORM
 Academic Disciplines
1.Informative, Persuasive and Argumentative
Communication
2. Explanation Essay
3.Research-Based Argumentative Essay
4.Public Speaking
5.Report or Oral Speech
6.Report, Speech and Talk Delivery
7. Debate
 INFORMATIVE
COMMUNICATION

Informative communication
attempts to present an objective—that
is, truthful and unbiased—view of the
topics being considered.
 Informative
Communication

He is Michael M. Obello. He is 20 years old. He was

born on December 01, 1998 at Villa Pascua, Diffun,
Quirino. He is currently taking up his Bachelor in
Secondary Education Major in Mathematics in Quirino
State University- Diffun Campus.
 PERSUASIVE
COMMUNICATION

Persuasive communication is
any message that is intended to
shape, reinforce, or change the
responses of another or others.
 Persuasive
Communication

You might be rich but if you have a bad

personality, people will not want to be
associated with you. If you have a good and
warm personality, then people will be attracted
to you and will not mind spending time with you.
Let us love our friends. Let us be true to them.
But, remember to choose your friends.
 ARGUMENTATIVE
COMMUNICATION

Argumentative individuals
advocate positions on
controversial issues and verbally
attack other people's
contradictory perspectives.
 TYPES OF
SPEECH
COMMUNICATION

INFORMATIVE ARGUMENTATIVE
PERSUASIVE
Examples of Argumentative
Communication
B. EXPLANATORY
ESSAY
 It is also called an Expository Essay.
 It presents other people’s views, or reports an
event or a situation.
 It conveys another person’s information in detail
and explains what is difficult to understand.
 Without giving any criticism or argument, the
writer of the essay elucidates the subject by
analysing it.
A good explanatory/expository essay
consists of the following:
1. The introductory paragraph clearly states what is
to be analyzed or explained.
2. Each subsequent paragraph has a distinct
supporting topic.
3. Each of the sentences of the paragraph relates
directly to the topic.
4. All the paragraphs are sequenced properly and
make smooth transition from one topic to another.
5. Precise and accurate words are used to convey
the message.
6. The concluding paragraph reinforces the position
in a meaningful way.
C. RESEARCH-BASED
ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY

Argumentative essay is a specific type of

writing in which a student:
1.chooses a topic (often a controversial topic),
2.researches it extensively,
3. Use the evidences gathered in their research
process to establish their opinion or position on
the topic in an essay designed to persuade others
to share that opinion.
The Argumentative Essay is
Typically composed of:
1. A clear, concise, and defined thesis statement that
occurs in the first paragraph of the essay.
2. Information that places your topic within a social and
factual context.
3. Your arguments, organized into body paragraphs that
include evidential support. .
4. Your opponents' arguments, or counter arguments and
your response to them.
5. A conclusion that does not simply restate the thesis, but
readdresses it in light of the evidence provided.
 RESEARCH-BASED
EXPLANATION ARGUMENTATIVE
ESSAY ESSAY

What is it? An essay that answers An essay that presents

the question “Why” a writer’s position with
support from research
studies.

What is the purpose To inform the readers To persuade readers to

of the writing project? about why something accept the writers”
happens. position.

Does it require Research may be used Research must be

research? but is not required. used to support the
writers’ claim or position
THREE TYPES OF NOTES

PARAPHRASING

SUMMARIES

DIRECT QOUTATIONS
Public Speaking
 Public speaking is the process of communicating
information to an audience.
 The benefits of knowing how to communicate to
an audience include sharpening critical thinking
and verbal/non-verbal communication skills.
 This type of speech is deliberately structured
with three general purposes: to inform, to
persuade and to entertain.
D. PUBLIC SPEAKING
 Impromptu

Public
Extemporaneous Manuscript
speeches
MANUSCRIPT SPEECH
 This is when a speaker reads a pre-
written speech word by word to an audience.
 It is when an already prepared script is read
verbatim.
 The speaker makes the entire speech by
referring to the printed document, or as seen
on the teleprompter.
MEMORIZED SPEECH

It is the act of memorizing the

information in a speech and presenting it
without using notes.
Just like an actor preparing for his role on
stage, a speaker can commit the information he
wants to convey to memory.
EXTEMPORANEOUS
SPEECH
 Thisspeech involves the speaker's use of notes
and some embellishment to deliver a speech.
 What makes this different than an impromptu
speech is that he has a loose guideline for his
speech. He did not memorize anything; he just
used cues to know where to go next.
IMPROMPTU
SPEECH
This is a speech that has no advanced
planning or practice. Reflecting back on your
speech, you are probably thinking about what
you could have done better. Your black eye may
very well be the catalyst for your regret in making
those word choices.
Few tips you can use In Impromptu
Speech

1. Think for a second about what you are

going to say.
2.Keep your points brief and to the point.
3.Take a few seconds between thoughts to
compose yourself.
 THEIR
ADVANTAGES
AND
DISADVANTAGES
 MANUSCRIPT MEMORIZED

1. control of time, 1. Eyecontact should

2. control of word be excellent
ADVANTAGES choice
3. when style is
critical—elegant
language..

1. loss of eye 1) Can be easily

contact distracted , AND
DISADVANTAGES 2. loss of natural 2) often lose natural
speaking style speaking style
 EXTEMPORANEOUS
1) Strong eye contact and
2) natural speaking style.
Eye contact not as strong
as memorized or
ADVANTAGES
impromptu, but good
enough for effective public
speaking.
Word choice not
as precise; but
DISADVANTAGES seldom is it
necessary or
required to be.
IMPROMPTU
1.Natural speaking
style and
2. excellent eye
contact
1. Weak organization and
(2) weak support. Word
choice is often poor,
usually very general or
vague on specifics, and
in general, a waste of the
audience’s time.
E. PREPARING A SPEECH
OR ORAL REPORT
 Being able to speak effectively in front of an
audience will always an advantage.
 Preparing a speech or oral report should
consider the following points:
A. Audience
B. Logistics
b.1. Venue
b.2. Facilities
C. Content of Report/ Speech/Lecture
 Points to be Considered in
Preparing a Speech or Oral report
1.Audience
Know the profile of your audience
2. Logistics
It is essential to know the organization of the
event whom you attending.
2.1 Venue- locate the lights know where to
position your visual aids. Work on your posture
because it reflects to your confidence and authority.
2.2 Facilities
Ask the equipment available. Things
needed in your report such as laptop, projector and
microphone
 Points to be Considered in
Preparing a Speech or Oral report
3. Content of the Report/ Speech/ Lecture

 INFORM -it is expected that you will contribute

new information.
e.g convention, training-seminar and conference
 PERSUADE-it should be convincing enough.
 ENTERTAIN- As a speaker, you should speak
lighthearted, amusing and lively.
 Steps in Preparing Your
Speech or Oral Report
1.Read a lot

2. Prepare for your oral presentation with an

introduction, body and conclusion.

3.Rehearse by practicing aloud and getting the

feedback of those who will act as your audience
for the meantime.

4.Use technology (audio and visual aids)

 F. REPORT, SPEECH AND
TALK DELIVERY

In delivery, you have to make use of both

non-verbal and verbal code.

Two Categories Of Delivery

1.Paralinguistic Cues
2. Prosodic Features
 1.Paralinguistic Cues
 It includes the facial expression, posture, gesture and
movement.
 Facial Expression
“ The eyes are the windows to the soul”.
 Posture
-it is the speaker’s stance.
 Gesture
-it is used to make a point more emphatic.
 Movement
-Whereas gestures are made through some parts
of the body, movement is made by the entire body.
 2.Prosodic Features
 Successful communication depends on prosodic
features such as intonation, tone, stress and rhythm.

 Articulate sounds clearly by paying attention to the

movement of your lips, tongue and teeth.

e.g. to each his own the pros and cons

to eachizown the prosend cons

the splendor in the grass

thus plendor in the grass
 Presenting in Groups
1.Assign a specific task to each group of member.
2.Divide the work accordingly.
3.Decide on a strategy as how you will begin.
4.Prepare your audio-visual aids to hold the attention
and increase the interest of the listener.
5. Practice on your own.( schedule)
6. Ask feedback from your groupmates for the
improvement of the presentation
7.As presenter, think of a question that may arise.
8. As presenter, respond to the question effectively.
 Overcoming Stage Fright
 Stage fright then can be minimized. It is not a
negative feeling all the time. At the beginning, you
may experience anxiety, but as you go along with
your presentation, your nervous tension will ease
up.

 Eugene White and Claire Henderlinder (1956):

“We do not actually fear the process of speaking
as such but a negative response from the
listeners”.
 Ways to Conquer Stage Fright
1. Bear a positive mindset.
2. Trust yourself.
3.Accept yourself.
4.Have a thinking of becoming a good speaker
5. Conquer your fears.
6. Think that your listeners are friendly and not
judgmental.
7. Practice
8. Pray and ask wisdom and strength from God.
G. THE DEBATE

VS.
 DEBATE
It is the exchanging of arguments that follows a
certain procedure or a set of rules.
Two types of Debate
1. Formal Debate – it is held in formal settings such
as school, in the House of Represenatives and in
the Senate, that follows a structure.
2. Informal Debate- it is held anywhere where two
teams are not involved. It didn’t strictly follow a
structure.
SKILLS NEEDED IN
DEBATE
Reading
Speaking
Writing
Listening
 Reading

A successful debater is a wide reader

Sir Francis Bacon once said: “Reading makes a

full man, writing an exact man.”

If you read extensively, you are able to look at

things differently.
 Speaking
The knowledge you have gained from reading can
manifest in your wide vocabulary.

A speaker should:
• articulate thoughts very well,
• pronounce clearly the words he/she utters,
• speak with grammatical accuracy,
• maintain the correct bearing or poise; and
• Employ non-verbal code such as: gestures, facial
expression , and movement
 Writing

It is in the writing skill where the

‘making of a full man’’ is achieved.

A writer becomes a full man only if he/she

were able to adjust to the needs of the
time and are mindful his/her shared
responsibility to help improve other
people’s lives.
 Listening

 Listening is equally important to the other

skill.
 It is only through listening intently that you
are able to gain knowledge and wisdom.
 Jimmy Hendrix once said: “Knowledge
speaks but wisdom listens.”
 DRESS AND APPEARANCE

 Your appearance is just as important as the

paralinguistic cues and non-verbal behavior.

 For a female speaker, wear a business attire that

will make you look respectable.

 For males, wear a business attire, avoiding loud

colors.
 ARIGATO!
GRACIAS!
KAMSAMNIDA!
THANK YOU!
SALAMAT!
DEBATE IS NOW

(GROUP 1 VS. GROUP 2)

Which is better
“Pansit” or Chicken
Adobo?
DEBATE IS NOW

(GROUP 3 VS. GROUP 4)

“Sinong nagkamali,
yung nang-iwan
ba o naiwan?