ESTIMATION OF AGE FROM

DEVELOPMENT AND
ERUPTION OF TEETH

BY DR. ANNALIZA T. ARAOJO

 OUTLINE

• HISTORY
• FACTS ABOUT AGE ESTIMATION
• STAGES OF TOOTH ERUPTION
• TOOTH ERUPTION CHART
• DENTAL CERTIFICATE
HISTORY

• THE USE OF TEETH FOR DETERMINING SOMEONE'S AGE HAS ITS ORIGIN
170 YEARS AGO WHEN TOOTH ERUPTION WAS FIRST USED FOR DENTAL
AGE ESTIMATION IN CONNECTION WITH CHILD LABOR.

• IN ANCIENT TIMES, AGE ESTIMATION OF LIVING ADOLESCENTS WERE

CONSIDERED IMPORTANT. ACCORDING TO RECORDS IN ANCIENT
ROME ADOLESCENTS WERE JUDGED TO BE FIT FOR SERVICE, AS SOON
AS THE SECOND MOLARS HAD ERUPTED COMPLETELY. IT WAS MAINLY
DENTISTS WHO HAD TO CARRY OUT AGE ESTIMATIONS.

This Photo by Unknown Author is

HISTORY

• THE DENTAL SYSTEM IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF THE HUMAN BODY,

ITS GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT CAN BE STUDIED IN PARALLEL
WITH OTHER PHYSIOLOGICAL MATURITY INDICATORS SUCH AS
BONE AGE, MENARCHE AND HEIGHT.

• SEVERAL AUTHORS HAVE SHOWN THAT DENTAL PARAMETERS

ARE MORE SUITABLE FOR AGE ESTIMATION IN CHILDREN
BECAUSE THE VARIABILITY IS LOWER SINCE CALCIFICATION
RATES OF TEETH ARE MORE CONTROLLED BY GENES THAN BY
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS.
FACTS ABOUT
TEETH AND AGE
ESTIMATION
• ESTIMATION OF AGE AT DEATH AND DETERMINATION OF SEX OF THE
VICTIM OR REMAINS ARE IMPORTANT FACTORS IN THE IDENTIFICATION
OF AN INDIVIDUAL IN FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY.

• TEETH ARE AMONG THE MOST RELIABLE TOOLS IN THE PROCESS OF

IDENTIFICATION OF AGE. TEETH ARE ONE OF THE MOST DURABLE PARTS
OF OUR BODY, WHICH CAN WITHSTAND MORE ASSAULTS THAN ANY
OTHER PART OF THE BODY. THIS IS PARTICULARLY USEFUL IN THE
IDENTIFICATION OF BODIES IN MASS DISASTERS AND NATURAL
CALAMITIES.[1]
FACTS ABOUT TEETH
AND AGE ESTIMATION
• THE DEVELOPING DENTITION IS USED TO ASSESS MATURITY AND ESTIMATE THE
AGE IN MANY DISCIPLINES INCLUDING ANTHROPOLOGY, ARCHEOLOGY,
FORENSIC SCIENCE, PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY AND ORTHODONTICS.

• THERE IS EVIDENCE THAT DENTAL DEVELOPMENT IS LESS EFFECTED THAN

SKELETAL DEVELOPMENT BY MALNUTRITION AND HORMONAL DISORDERS.

• TOOTH FORMATION IS THE BEST CHOICE FOR ESTIMATING THE AGE AS

VARIATIONS ARE LESS AS COMPARED TO OTHER DEVELOPMENT FACTORS.
REFERENCE: PMCID: PMC4130020 (FORENSIC DENTAL MEDICINE 2017)
PMID: 25125911
FACTS ABOUT TEETH

• ASSESSMENT OF AGE OF AN INDIVIDUAL BY EXAMINATION

OF TEETH IS ONE OF THE ACCEPTED METHODS OF AGE
DETERMINATION IN LIVE PATIENTS

• TEETH ARE KNOWN TO AID IN PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION

AND AGE ESTIMATION AS THEY ARE HIGHLY DURABLE AND
RESIST PUTREFACTION, FIRE, CHEMICALS ETC. IN FORENSIC
SCIENCE
FACTS

• TEETH HAD BEEN USED IN THE IDENTIFICATION OF INDIVIDUALS

THROUGHOUT HISTORY. IT IS MORE SIGNIFICANT IN THE PRESENT
DAY WORLD TO IDENTIFY MISSING, DEAD, MURDERED, OR
KILLED PERSONS IN ACCIDENTS. THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE
CORPSES, MUTILATED BODIES, IS OF IMPORTANCE FROM
SOCIAL, EMOTIONAL, AND MEDICO-LEGAL ASPECTS.

• AGE ESTIMATION CAN BE BETTER UNDERSTOOD BY THE STAGES

OF ERUPTION OF THE TEETH.
MIXED DENTITION PERIOD
STAGES OF TOOTH ERUPTION
CHART
CHART ON THE SEQUENCE OF
ERUPTION
Permanent Teeth Chart Eruption Time

Upper Teeth Lower Teeth

Central Incisor 7 to 8 yrs 6 to 7 yrs

Lateral Incisor 8 to 9 yrs 7 to 8 yrs

Cuspid 11- 12 yrs 9 to 10 yrs

First Premolar 10 to 11 yrs 10 to 12 yrs

Second Premolar 10 to 12 yrs 11 to 12 yrs

First Molar 6 to 7 yrs 6 to 7 yrs

Second Molar 12 to 13 yrs 11 to 13 yrs

Third Molar 17 to 21 yrs 17 to 21 yrs

 PLEASE REMEMBER

• TEETH ARE AMONG THE MOST RELIABLE TOOLS IN THE PROCESS OF

IDENTIFICATION OF AGE. TEETH ARE ONE OF THE MOST DURABLE
PARTS OF OUR BODY, WHICH CAN WITHSTAND MORE ASSAULTS
THAN ANY OTHER PART OF THE BODY;
• THE DEVELOPING DENTITION IS USED TO ASSESS MATURITY AND
ESTIMATE THE AGE IN MANY DISCIPLINES INCLUDING
ANTHROPOLOGY, ARCHEOLOGY, FORENSIC SCIENCE, PEDIATRIC
DENTISTRY AND ORTHODONTICS
• AGE ESTIMATION IN THE LIVING IS NON INVASIVE AND COST
EFFECTIVE IT ONLY NEEDS EXPERTS FOR THE RIGHT RESULTS
 CONCLUSION

• IF ONE IS IN DOUBT OF THE FINDINGS PLEASE REFER TO A

SPECIALIST;

• THE MOST RELIABLE SOURCE OF INFORMATION REGARDING

THE TEETH ARE THE DENTISTS AND THE MOST RELIABLE BODY IS
THE PHILIPPINE DENTAL ASSOCIATION
 DENTAL CERTIFICATE

DENTAL CERTIFICATE.XLSX
THANK YOU AND GOD BLESS!