TRIGONOMETRI

C FUNCTIONS
AND IDENTITIES

Analytic Geometry
Precalculus (Math 305)
FINALS- TRIGONOMETRY
TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES

In mathematics, trigonometric identities are

equalities that involve trigonometric
functions and are true for every value of the
occurring variables where both sides of the
equality are defined. Geometrically, these are
identities involving certain functions of one or
more angles.
 PROVE THE IDENTITY:
sec2()-csc2()= tan2()-cot2()
sin 2() cos 2()
1 1
1st step: - = − Give the identity
cos2() sin2() cos2() sin2()
2−cos2 (sin 4)(cos4)
sin Subtract the Right Hand
2nd step: =
(cos )(sin ) (cos2)(sin2)
2 2 Solution

2−cos2 (sin 2+cos2) (sin−cos) (sin+cos)

Factor (sin4 )(cos4 ) 3rd step: sin
=
(cos2)(sin2) 1
sin2−cos2 (sin−cos) (−cos+sin)
Since (sin2 +cos2 )=1, then,
4 step:
th =
we just copy the remaining (cos )(sin )
2 2 (cos2)(sin2)
values in the numerator.
sin2−cos2 sin 2−cos2
FOIL METHOD.
5th step: =
(cos2)(sin2) (cos2)(sin2) RHS IS EQUAL TO LHS
 𝟑
Given that cot is =- and sec  <
𝟒
0
– LOCATE THE POSITION OF THE ANGLE.
– Cotangent is NEGATIVE in 2nd and 4th quadrant.
– Secant is a reciprocal identity of cosine so sec  <0 is
located in 2nd and 3rd quadrant.
– Then, the two functions intersect at the Quadrant 2.
– FOLLOW THE STANDARD POSITION.
GRAPHING THE TRIANGLE

SECOND FIRST
QUADRANT QUADRANT

THIRD FOURTH
QUADRANT QUADRANT
 GRAPHING THE TRIANGLE

SECOND
QUADRANT FIRST
QUADRANT

THIRD FOURTH
QUADRANT
QUADRANT
 GRAPHING THE TRIANGLE

SECOND
QUADRANT FIRST
QUADRANT
Leg A

y=?

THIRD Leg B FOURTH

QUADRANT x=?
QUADRANT
SOLVING

𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 (𝑥)
cot =
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 (𝑦)
r2= 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2
r2= (−3)2 +(4)2
r2= 9 + 16
r2= 25
r=5
 GRAPHING THE TRIANGLE

SECOND
QUADRANT FIRST
QUADRANT
Leg A

y=4

THIRD Leg B FOURTH

QUADRANT x=-3
QUADRANT
THE REMAINING TRIGONOMETRIC
FUNCTIONS AND THEIR
RECIPROCAL ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 (𝑟) 5
sin =
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 (𝑦)
=
4 csc = =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 (𝑟) 5 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 (𝑦) 4
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 (𝑟) 5
cos =
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 (𝑥)
= −
3 sec = = −
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 (𝑟) 5 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 (𝑥) 3
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 (𝑥) 3
tan =
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 (𝑦)
= −
4 cot = = −
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 (𝑥) 3 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 (𝑦) 4
 SIMPLIFY:
csc()+cot() sec()
1st step: Write the problem in your paper.
2nd step: Reciprocate the given problem (except for
cot() since these are all reciprocal identities of the
trigonometric functions sin and cos.
1 𝑐𝑜𝑠 1
3rd step: + ( )
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑠
1 1
4th step: +
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛
5th step: 2csc()