Michael P.

Vale
Instructor 1
 President: Emilio Aguinaldo

Secretary of Interior: Isabelo Artacho Vice President: Mariano Trias

Secretary of War: Emiliano Riego de Dios Secretary of Treasury: Baldomero Aguinaldo

Secretary of Foreign Affairs:
Antonio Montenegro
 FIRST COMMONWEALTH
 The Commonwealth era is the
10 year transitional period in
Philippine history from 1935 to
1945 in preparation for
independence from the United
States as provided for under the
Philippine Independence Act or
more popularly known as the
Tydings-McDuffie Law.
Quezon died of tuberculosis
while in exile and Osmeña took
over as president.
Manuel L. Quezon
 SECOND REPUBLIC
The Commonwealth era was interrupted when the
Japanese occupied the Philippines in January 2, 1942. The
Commonwealth government, lead by Manuel L. Quezon and
Sergio S. Osmeña went into exile in the U.S.

Filipino soldiers during World War 1

 SECOND REPUBLIC
The Japanese-installed puppet
government in Manila headed by Jose
P. Laurel as president. This
government is known as the Second
Philippine Republic.

Jose P. Laurel
THIRD COMMONWEALTH AND THIRD PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC

The United States withdrew its

sovereignty over the Philippines on
July 4, 1946, as scheduled.
Manuel Roxas (Liberal Party),
having been inaugurated as
President as scheduled, on July 4,
1946 before the granting of
independence, strengthened political
and economic ties with the United
States in the controversial Philippine-
US Trade Act.
PRESIDENTS UNDER THE THIRD PHILIPPINE COMMONWEALTH AND
THIRD PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC
On the night of April 16, 1948,
President Roxas died of heart
attack at Clark Field, Pampanga
After the speech, he felt dizzy and
was brought to the residence of Maj.
Gen. e. L. Eubank, where he passed
away that night.
President Elpidio Quirino On April 17, 1948, Vice President
Quirino took his oath of office as
second President of mourning
thoughtful the land for his
predecessor.
 By an overwhelming majority
vote, Magsaysay defeated his former
boss President Quirino, at the polls. His
team mate, Senator Carlos P. Garcia, NP
Vice-Presidential Candidate, and all the
President Ramon Magasaysay
eight NP Secretarial candidates also won.
The election was a sweeping victory for
the Nacionalista Party and a disgraceful
defeat for the Liberal Party.
 At the Zenith of his popularity
and power, President Magsaysay
dies in a plane crash in Cebu on
Sunday, March 17, 1957. The
Filipino people were shocked by the
President Carlos P. Garcia
tragedy.

The next day, March 18th, Vice-

President Carlos P. Garcia was
included into office as the fourth
President of the Philippine Republic
 In the presidential election of
November 14, 1961, the Liberal Party
toppled down the Nacionalista Party
and once more rose to power
Victorious Liberals joyfully sang the
popular song. “Happy Days are Here
President Diosdado Macapagal
Again”. President Garcia lost his bid for
reelection. Vice – President Macapagal,
running as LP presidential candidate,
won at the polls, with his team mate,
Senatorial Emmanuel Pelaez, the LP
Vice – President Candidate.
 In the presidential election of November 9, 1965, the
Liberal Party was deputized by the Filipino people at the polls.
President Macapagal running for reelection under the LP banner
was defeated, together with his team mate, Senator Gerardo
Roxas. Senate President Ferdinand E. Marcos and Senator Lopez,
NP candidates, were elected President and Vice-President
respectively. It should be recalled that both Marcos and Lopez
were Former Liberals.

With the stunning defeat of LP, the NP once more

President Ferdinand E. Marcos
became the party in power. Filipino votes enthusiastically voted
for Nacionalista candidates because of Marcos battle Cry: “This
Nation can be great again.”

The reelection of President Marcos in 1969 was

unprecedented in the political annals of the Philippine Republic.
First he was the only Pressident of the Philippines to be reelected
for second a term. And, second, he was the first Philippine
President to take his oath of office (December 30, 1969)
Magsaysay, Garcia, and Macapagal – took their oath in English.
 MARTIAL LAW
Pres. Marcos Declared martial Law in
September 21, 1972 because of the
deteriorating peace and order in the
country.
Sen. Benigno Aquino was
assassinated in August 21, 1983 which
generated protests and demonstrations
which culminated in the famous “People
Power 1, EDSA Revolution on February
22-25, 1986
CORAZON AQUINO, FIRST FEMALE
PRESIDENT
The EDSA Revolution put to end the 20 year
regime of Marcos and Corazon Aquino, wife of
Benigno Aquino became President in February
25, 1986
Restored Democracy by:
Holding elections for congress and local
government
Framed and ratified the constitution of 1987
Restored freedom of Press and Speech
Released Political Prisoners
Worked for Economic Recovery
 OTHER PRESIDENTS:
FIDEL V. RAMOS- Philippines 2000, make
Philippines an Economically Developed
Country
JOSEPH ESTRADA- Pro-poor but
overthrown in EDSA II, people power
revolution due to plunder
GLORIA MACAPAGAL ARROYO- Took over
Government after EDSA II and was reelected
in the 2004 Presidential Elections
BENIGNO AQUINO III- Daang Matuwid,
Pursued corrupt officials and imprisoned a
former President, a Senate President,
Senators, Congressmen and the known “Pork
Barrel Queen, Janeth Lim Napoles.
THE COLORFUL PRESIDENT: RODRIGO
DUTERTE (TATAY DIGONG)
Won a whooping 16 million+ votes in the
May 2016 Elections
“Change is Coming”
Promotes Federalism form of
Government
Promotes Independent Foreign Policy
Plans to suspend EDCA and VFA
Cursed the US President and the UN
Secretary
Befriended China
Talked with God. (JOKE!)
Immortalized Mocha Uson
Thank You…