CORROSION TECHNOLOGY

REGISTRATION NUMBER – 18BEC0849

NAME – NISHANT BHARALI
SLOT – A1+TA1
COURSE CODE –CHY1701
CORROSION
• Here's more bad news for the already wobbly Chennai real estate market:
the city's buildings may be more corrosion-prone and hence structurally
less stable than they seem.
• As per the updated corrosion map of India drawn by CECRI scientists,
Chennai is the second most corrosion-prone city/town in the country,
thanks to its ever-increasing vehicle population and its coastal location.
• What this means is that those buildings in the city which have not been
made specially corrosion-proof (or for that matter, even those vehicles
which have not received an extra coat of anti-corrosion paint) might be in
for considerable trouble.
• It is supposed to be collected on ground soil, many amenities like bicycles,
disposable metal cans, iron bars etc. where the process of corrosion can
easily be taken into account.
http://www.ieqsgroup.com/services-corrosion-under-insulation/
FACTORS AFFECTING THE RATE
OF CORROSION
• Corrosion is a natural impact of atmospheric environments like
marine, industrial, urban and rural and affects the structural
stability of buildings. The annual loss due to corrosion can be
compared with that of other natural calamities like earthquakes
and cyclones, only its impact is indirect.
• Metal panels of different materials like mild steel, zinc, galvanized
iron and aluminium were exposed to the air and annual corrosion
rates in millimeters per year were determined in correlate with
atmospheric pollutants and climatic factors.
• Sufficient aeration (supply of oxygen to the reaction site) may
enhance the formation of oxide at the pitting site and thus re-
passivate or heal the damaged passive film (oxide) - the pit is
repassivated and no pitting occurs.
• The above picture refers to a CORRODED LOCK in one of the VIT
residencies.
TYPE OF CORROSION

PITTING CORROSION -
Pitting corrosion, or pitting, is a form of extremely
localized corrosion that leads to the creation of small
holes in the metal. The driving power for pitting
corrosion is thedepassivation of a small area, which
becomes anodic while an unknown but potentially
vast area becomes cathodic, leading to very
localized galvanic corrosion. The corrosion
penetrates the mass of the metal, with a limited
diffusion of ions. The mechanism of pitting corrosion
is probably the same as crevice corrosion.

http://faculty.kfupm.edu.sa/ME/hussaini/Corrosion%20Engineering/04.0
4.02.htm
• Pitting corrosion is usually found on passive metals and alloys such aluminium alloys, stainless steels
and stainless alloys when the ultra-thin passive film (oxide film) is chemically or mechanically damaged
and does not immediately re-passivate. The resulting pits can become wide and shallow or narrow and
deep which can rapidly perforate the wall thickness of a metal.
• The environmental and the metallurgical factors determine whether an existing pit can be re-passivated
or not. Sufficient aeration (supply of oxygen to the reaction site) may enhance the formation of oxide at
the pitting site and thus re-passivate or heal the damaged passive film (oxide) - the pit is repassivated
and no pitting occurs. An existing pit can also be re-passivated if the material contains sufficient amount
of alloying elements such as Cr, Mo, Ti, W, N, etc.
HOW IT OCCURRED?
• The more conventional explanation for pitting corrosion is that it is an autocatalytic process. Metal
oxidation results in localized acidity that is maintained by the spatial separation of the cathodic and
anodic half-reactions, which creates a potential gradient and electromigration of aggressive anions into
the pit. For example, when a metal is present in an oxygenated NaCl electrolyte, the pit acts as anode
and the metal surface acts as cathode.
• The localized production of positive metal ions in the pit gives a local excess of positive charge which
attracts the negative chlorine ions from the electrolyte to produce charge neutrality. The pit contains a
high concentration of MCl molecules which react with water to produce HCl, the metal hydroxide, and
H+ ions, accelerating the corrosion process.
• In the pit, the oxygen concentration is essentially zero and all of the cathodic oxygen reactions take
place on the metal surface outside the pit. The pit is anodic and the locus of rapid dissolution of the
metal. The metal corrosion initiation is autocatalytic in nature however its propagation is not.
• This kind of corrosion is extremely insidious, as it causes little loss of material with the small effect on its
surface, while it damages the deep structures of the metal. The pits on the surface are often obscured
by corrosion products.
• Pitting can be initiated by a small surface defect, being a scratch or a local change in composition, or a
damage to the protective coating. Polished surfaces display higher resistance to pitting.
PREVENTIVE MEASURES AGAINST PITTING CORROSION
The four traditional corrosion control measures call for use of the following:

• Highly resistant alloys for repair and replacement

• Effective coatings – Protective layers can be formed around the objects to prevent further drastic corrosion activity.
• Cathodic protection (CP) - Cathodic protection (CP) is a technique used to control the corrosion of a metal surface by making
it the cathode of an electrochemical cell. A simple method of protection connects the metal to be protected to a more easily
corroded "sacrificial metal" to act as the anode. The sacrificial metal then corrodes instead of the protected metal.
• A chemical corrosion-inhibitor program
• Proper selection of materials with known resistance to the service environment
• Control pH, chloride concentration and temperature
• Use higher alloys (ASTM G48) for increased resistance to pitting corrosion