CD NOZZLE

Members: Dwaipayan Bhattacharya, Shreyaa R

Mentor: Srijit Sen
OBJECTIVES

 To simulate flow through a convergent divergent nozzle using MacCormack’s technique

 Conservation form
 Non-conservation form
 A case with shock capturing
Difference between conservation and
non-conservation form

 The conservation equations, in general, represent the classical physics of the problem. On
the other hand, the non-conservation equations results due to the approximation (or
simplification) of the classical physics.
 In case of factors that make the flow factors non-smooth, such as shocks, the conservation
form of equations must be used.
Non-conservation form

Mass flow Pressure

0.63 1.2

0.62
1
0.61

0.6 0.8

0.59
0.6
0.58

0.57 0.4

0.56
0.2
0.55

0.54 0
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30
 0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9

0
1
1
48
95
142
189
236
283
330
377
424
471
518
565
612
659
706
Density

753
800
847
894
941
988
1035
1082
1129
1176
1223
1270
1317
1364
Convergence graphs

0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8

0
1
2

1
48
95
142
189
236
283
330
377
424
471
518
565
612
659
706
753
800
847
Mach number

894
941
988
1035
1082
1129
1176
1223
1270
1317
1364
 0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9

0
1
1
48
95
142
189
236
283
330
377
424
471
518
565
612
659
706
753
Pressure

800
847
894
941
988
1035
1082
1129
1176
1223
1270
1317
1364
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9

0
1

1
48
95
142
189
236
283
330
377
424
471
518
565
612
659
706
753
800
Temperature

847
894
941
988
1035
1082
1129
1176
1223
1270
1317
1364
 Conservation form

 Succeeded in implementing a code to simulate flow through the convergent divergent

nozzle using conservation form.
 Were able to achieve results, but with an error margin of about 10%. Working on reducing
this margin.

mass flow Pressure

0.705 1.2

0.7 1

0.695 0.8

0.69 0.6

0.685 0.4

0.68 0.2

0.675 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10111213141516171819202122232425262728293031 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10111213141516171819202122232425262728293031
 Density mach number
1.2 4

3.5
1
3
0.8
2.5

0.6 2

1.5
0.4
1
0.2
0.5

0 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10111213141516171819202122232425262728293031 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10111213141516171819202122232425262728293031
Case with shock wave capturing

 What is a shock wave?

 a sharp change of pressure in a narrow region travelling through a medium, especially air, caused
by explosion or by a body moving faster than sound.
 There is an abrupt change in properties such as pressure, velocity, temperature and entropy
across a shock wave.
 Artificial viscosity- Artificial viscosity is a numerical concept pertaining to CFD. It's addition
in the numerical scheme is used for obtaining stable and smooth solutions across the
mathematical discontinuities like shock waves.
Case with shock wave capturing
Case with shock wave capturing
 1.1

0.94
0.96
0.98
1
1.02
1.04
1.06
1.08
1.12
1
42
83
124
165
206
247
288
329
370
411
452
493
534
575
616
657
698
739
780
Mach number

821
862
903
944
985
1026
1067
1108
1149
1190
1231
1272
1313
1354
Convergence graphs

0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9

1
44
87
130
173
216
259
302
345
388
431
474
517
560
603
646
689
Density

732
775
818
861
904
947
990
1033
1076
1119
1162
1205
1248
1291
1334
 0.1
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.7

0.3
0.5

0
1
47
93
139
185
231
277
323
369
415
461
507
553
599
645
691
737
Pressure

783
829
875
921
967
1013
1059
1105
1151
1197
1243
1289
1335
Convergence graphs

0.8

0.77
0.78
0.79
0.81
0.82
0.83
0.84
0.85

1
49
97
145
193
241
289
337
385
433
481
529
577
625
673
721
769
Temperature

817
865
913
961
1009
1057
1105
1153
1201
1249
1297
1345