MATEMATIKA TEKNIK KIMIA

CONTOH APLIKASI PADA MODEL

BAMBANG POERWADI
TEKNIK KIMIA
FAKULTAS TEKNIK UB
 KASUS
• Pemanggangan Ayam: dianggap silinder dengan diameter 20 cm panjang 25
cm
• Dipanggang dalam oven dengan ukuran 40 cm x 50 cm x 40 cm dengan
pemanas LPG terkontrol pada temperatur 120 oC
• Ayam masak dengan kriteria kandungan air + 5 %. Awal 35%.
 Diketahui
• Ayam panggang bentuk • K = 0.21 J/m.s.K
silinder
• ρ = 800 kg/m3
d = 20 cm
• C= 2,508 J/kg.K
r = 10 cm
• h = 25 W/m2.K
l = 25 cm
• T = 120 oC
• % air = 35%
• Mr LPG = 44.1 gr/mol
• % air ayam matang =
• ρ = 2.01 mg/mL
5%
• ∆H LPG = -2219.7 –
• Pemanggang
2218.7 kJ/mol
p = 40 cm
• ∆H LPG rata2 = 2219.2
l = 50 cm kJ/mol
t = 40 cm
Volume pemanggang Volume Ayam
• A=pxlxt • Vayam = π r2 t = 3.14 x 10 x 10 x 25
• A = 40 x 50 x 40 • = 7850 cm3
• A = 80000 cm3 Massa Ayam
Luas permukaan Ayam
Mayam = 7.85 x 10-3 x 800 kg/m3 = 6.28 kg
A1 = 2 π r2 = 2 x 3.14 x 10 x 10
= 628 cm2
A2 = 2 π r = 2 x 3.14 x 10
= 62.8 cm2
Atotal = 690.8 cm2
 % Massa Ayam
Akumulasi = input – output
• Akumulasi massa ayam & H2o = input – output
• = (0.65 ayam + 0.35 H2o) - (0.65 ayam + 0.05 H2o
• = 0.3 H2o
• Massa air Akhir = 0.05 Massa total Ayam
 Neraca Massa ayam
massa masuk = massa keluar
• 0.65 m ayam total + 0.35 air = 0.65 m ayam + 0.05 air + 0.3 air yang
menguap
• M total ayam = 6.28 kg
• % air =35 %  matang 5 %
• % ayam = 65 %
• M air awal = 0.35 x 6.28 = 2.198 kg
• M air akhir (matang) = 0.05 x 6.28 = 0.314 kg
• M air yang hilang = 2.198 kg – 0.314 kg = 1.884 kg
• Massa Ayam matang =6.28 - 1.884 = 4.396 kg
• V ayam matang = 4.396 kg / 800 kg/m3 = 5.495 x 10-3 m3
 Harga K1
𝑑𝑉
• 𝑑𝑡
= (7850-5495) cm3
• = 2355 cm3 =2.355 x 10-3 m3
• ‫ ׬ = 𝑉𝑑 ׬‬2355 𝑑𝑡
• 𝑉 = 2355𝑡 + 𝐾1 V = 2355t + K1
Saat t = 0, V pemanggang = 80000
80000 = 2355t + K1
K1 = 80000
 Waktu

𝑑𝑉
• 𝑑𝑡
= (7850-5495) cm3
• = 2355 cm3 = 2.355 x 10-3 m3
• ‫ ׬ = 𝑉𝑑 ׬‬2355 𝑑𝑡
• 𝑉 = 2355𝑡 + 𝐾1
Maka, 𝑉 = 2355𝑡 + 𝐾1
87,850 = 2355𝑡 + 80000
𝑡 = 7850/2355
t = 3.33 menit
Asumsi : Ketika ayam dimasukkan Oven/pemanggang suhu oven sudah 120oC konstan
 Massa ayam mentah

Akumulasi = input – output

𝑑𝑉𝑚
• 𝑑𝑡
= 0.35 Mair – 0.05 Mair
𝑑𝑉 𝑑𝑚
• m
𝑑𝑡
+ V
𝑑𝑡
= 0.35 (6.28) – 0.05 (6.28)
• m . 0.3 + (0.3 t + 8.10-3)
 𝑑𝑚
M x 2.355 x 10-3 + (2.355 x 10-3 t + 8x10-3) = 2.198 – 0.05m
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑚
(2.355 x 10-3 t + 8x10-3) = 2.198 – 0.0524m
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑚 2.198 – 0.0524m
=
𝑑𝑡 2.355 x 10−3 t + 8x10−3
𝑑𝑚 2198 – 52.4m
=
𝑑𝑡 2.355 t + 80
𝑑𝑚 𝑑𝑡
න = න
2198 – 52.4m 2.355 𝑡 + 80
1 1
- ln 2198 – 52.4m = ln 2.355 𝑡 + 80 + 𝐾2 ... (1)
52.4 2.355
Misalkan : m = 0 dan t = 0
1 1
- ln 2198 – 52.4(0) = ln 2.355 (0) + 80 + 𝐾2
52.4 2.355
1 1
K2 = - ln 2198 − ln 80 ... (2)
52.4 2.355
Kemudian dimasukkan ke persamaan 1
1 1
• -52.4 ln 2198 – 52.4m = 2.355
ln(2.355 𝑡 +
 Menghitung suhu
• ∆q = (2πr∆z) h (T -T )
1 2

• ∆q = q ayam matang – q ayam mentah

• Basis per second

• Q Ayam mentah = 65% m c ∆T
= (0.65)(800kg/m^3)(πr^2∆z)(2.508)(120-T2)
= 120-T2 /60s
=2 - 0.0167 T2……………(1)
• Q ayam mentah = Tw-Tz/R
= (120 – T2)/(r2-r1/Aalm)
=(120 - T2)/((0.2 – 0.1)/(A2 – A1/ln (A2/A1)))
=(120 – T2)/((0.2-0.1)/(1.12-0.157/ln(1.12/0.157)))
=(120 – T2) 5.308
=636.99 – 5.308 T2…………….(2)
Sehingga di dapatkan
2 - 0.0167 T2 = 636.99 – 5.308 T2
T2 = 120.006

Q ayam mentah = - 4.1 x 10^-3

• Q ayam matang = m c ∆T
= 95% m c (T ayam matang – T oven)
= (0.95)(800kg/m^3)(πr^2∆z)(2.508 J/kg K)(T1 – 120)
= 14.96 (T1 – 120)
= T1 – 120…………………(3)

∆q = (2πr∆z) h (T1-T2)
Q ayam matang – q ayam mentah = (2πr∆z) h (T1-T2)
T1 – 119.996 = 1.884 (T1 – 120.006)
-0.884 T1 = - 106.094
T1 = 119.9 ˚C
THANK YOU