GLS 696 – UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE

Mohamad Shafizal b. Mohd Saad 2015259618

Muhammad Haziq b. Rossman 2015218608
Rohahaini bt Mahmud 2015218344
Mohd Afzal b. Mat Nasir 2015625532
Nur Fatin Amira bt Zamri 2015646328
Mohamad Haris b. ABD Azis 2016652132
Shedatul Rabia Aishah bt Abdul Rahman 2015244042
Farid Najmi b. Ahmad 2016490778
 Chapter 1 – Concept, Tools
and Applications
 Chapter 5 – Unmanned Aerial
 Chapter 2 – Classification and Vehicle Flight Mission
type of Unmanned Aerial
Vehicle  Chapter 6 – The Development

 Chapter 3 – Flight planning for of UAV Photogrammetric

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

 Chapter 7 – Potential
 Chapter 4 – Components of
Applications in Mapping Field
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

CHAPTER
M O D U L E
Concept, Tools and Applications
 What is Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)?

type of aircraft
that operates
UAVs can be
without a remote UAVs are a component
human pilot controlled of an unmanned aircraft
onboard aircraft system ( UAS ) which
include a UAV, a ground-
based controller, and a
system of
communications
UAV is defined as between the two
being capable of
controlled,
sustained level are currently
used for a
flight and powered number of
by a jet or missions,
reciprocating UAV is also including
engine. reconnaissance
known as a and attack roles
drone
 Tool in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle System (UAVs)

Inertia measurement
Flight controller ESCS Motor Accelerometer Gyroscope unit (IMU)
 UAV Applications

UAV Condition and Civil

Healthcare
Engineering

Urban Planning UAVs in Remote Sensing

3D Mapping UAV Surveying and Mapping

UAV Agriculture Military

Classification And Type Of Unmanned
Aerial Vehicle Systems
 Classification by Design

 Classification by Range

 Classification by Equipment

 Classification by Size

 Classification by Usage

 Classification by Wing Loading

 Classification by Engine Type

 Classification by Energy Sources

 FIXED WING VS
ROTARY WING FOR
U AV M A P P I N G
A P P L I C AT I O N S

o Consists of a rigid wing that has a o Rotary wing UAVs consist of 2 or 3 rotor
predetermined airfoil which makes flight blades that revolve around a fixed mast.
capable by generating lift caused by the o Come in wide range of setups consisting of a
UAV’s forward airspeed. minimum of one rotor (helicopter), 3 rotors
o The elevator controlling the Pitch (Lateral (tricopter), 4 rotors (quadcopter), 6 rotor
axis), ailerons controlling the Roll (hexacopter), 8 rotors (octocopter) as well as
(Longitudinal axis) and the rudder more unusual setups like 12 and 16 rotors.
controlling the Yaw (Vertical axis). o Involve greater mechanical and electronic
o Able to carry greater payloads for longer complexity which translates generally to
distances on less power allowing to carry more complicated maintenance and repair
some of the bigger (more expensive) processes thus meaning the user’s
sensors as well as twin sensor operational time can be decreased, which
configurations. can occur increases in operational costs.
 Less expensive, and they don’t put
the pilots at risk when they crash.
 Able to fly into the zones where it would
 Less stressful environment, It is
be dangerous for the pilot, They are
used for better decision making, It
capable of flying for long periods of time.
presents safer environment. They
 Can stay in the air for up to 30 hours,
can fly longer hours as long as the
doing the repetitive tasks, performing the
vehicle allows for it.
precise, repetitive raster scan of the
 Can go faster, Even if the plane
region.
crashes, The pilot will be safe, They
 Greatly reduce putting the military
can be used for border patrol
personnel in harm’s way or in combat,
security using the software to fly the
They have low cost.
planes, There is no need for the
qualified pilot to fly it.

A d v a n t a g e s U n m a n n e d A e r i a l Ve h i c l e
Limitations of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
 Low operation speed: UAVs fly at low speed
making them slower compared to manned
aircraft.enables them to provide accurate
surveillance in an area
 Vulnerable to hackers: Hackers can intercept the
data link network and access control system, can
affect your monitoring in the area or even trace your
remote location
 Desensitize people: Drones can be used in war zones
to automatically kill people through a switch of a
button. This can cause post-traumatic stress disorder
in people who are controlling the drones in the
killing of people in remote areas.
 Cause unemployment: Wide use of drones has led to
unemployment for the aircraft pilots since drones do
not need a pilot to control them
 Unfair battle: People killed by drones do not get a
chance to defend themselves and sometimes
innocent people are killed in the process
Flight Planning For Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
Purpose of Flight Planning

 The main goal of flight planning is finding out the best fit
flight lines and camera exposure stations.
 To ensure coverage of the area to be mapped at the
required scale with no gaps, and provide stereo models
by an efficient design.
 A flight plan will determine the spacing between
successive photographs, locations of flight lines, and start
and end locations of each flight line
 This is also important for a safety flight, reducing aerial
survey operational costs and speeding up the preparation
and execution of the photo missions and flight.
 The product of a flight plan is basically a map.
 Important technical details need to be considered

 Camera and photo scale  Ground controls

 Flying height
 Overlap

 Flight plan software

 Sidelap

 Number of photographs and number of models

 CRITICAL FACTOR IN AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY
Weather and Time
 Many areas of the world have few cloud
free days.
 Most photography flown before 10am
and after 2pm local solar time.
• Avoids long shadows.
• Prime time for puffy white clouds
Plan your flight-path
 Check the distance to make sure the
battery will have enough to get there
and back with time to photograph or
video.
 Battery charger must be taking while at
site and also standby with a few more
battery to backup.
Location
 When planning your drone photos, you
also need to consider whether flying in that
location is safe and legal.
 Every country has different laws
regulating how far you must be from airports,
etc. This precaution important to keep the
drones safe and not make another problem
soon.
Selection of the sensors
 Sensors are key components of any drone.
Only sensor systems with suitable
performance give commercial drones the
flight characteristics they require.
 Types of the sensor such as Accelerometers,
Gyroscope,Magnetic Compass,Barometer
Sensor and Airspeed sensor (only used in fix
wing).
Components Of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
 AILERON
RUDDER

ELEVATORS VERTICAL AND

HORIZONTAL STABILIZERS

THE CONTROL SURFACE OF AN UAV

 Sensor System Tilt Sensors
sense changes in
direction and feed
data into a central
Accelerometers processor, which
Used to determine position and ultimately indicates
orientation of the drone in flight. direction, orientation,
and speed.

Inertial Measurement Units

maintaining direction and flight Current Sensors
paths. monitor and optimize
power drain, safe
charging of internal
batteries, and detect
fault conditions with
Magnetic Sensor Engine Intake Flow motors or other areas of
provide critical directional information to Sensors the system.
inertial navigation and guidance systems. monitor air flow into small
gas engines used to power
some drone varieties.
Wireless Video System
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Flight Mission
OPERATING UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE

The planning can help When using the drone for

achieve the mission goals but
also help avoid restricted air
spaces, keep track of flying
height restrictions, battery
life, etc.
surveying, mapping, volumes, or
earthworks it can be very helpful
to plan out the area to be flown,
the number of flight paths, the
number of photos, and the overlap
between the images
Take-Off Landing
Multi-rotor
Multi-rotor
Vertical Take Off
Using Vertical and
and Landing
manoeuvrable
(VTOL)

Fixed Wing Fixed Wing

Using hand throw, Parachute, Net
catapult or runway and Belly
and climbing
 DJI GO 4
CAMERA VIEW SYSTEM STATUS

BATTERY LEVEL INDICATOR

 TYPES OF SENSOR FOR DRONES

Your Text Here

You can simply impress your

audience and add a unique
zing and appeal to your
Presentations. Easy to
Sonar-pulse distance sensing
change colors, photos and
( Arduino Uno ) Text. You can simply
Light-pulse distance sensing impress your audience and
( TeraRanger Evo )
Magnetic-field change sensing add a unique zing and
( Velleman VMA313 ) appeal to your Presentations.
Infrared and Thermal sensors
Get a modern PowerPoint
( Flir Vue 336 9mm ) Presentation that is
Image Sensors( 1/2.3” CMOS )
beautifully designed. Get3 aaxis accelerometer
modern PowerPoint ( Analogue Device ADXL345)
Presentation that is
beautifully designed.
The Development of UAV Photogrammetric
 Ballast, vegetation
Spraying
Soil analysis  Wind turbine
fertilizers and inspection
pesticides  Powerline inspection
 Rooftop inspection

PLATFORM USE IN UAV

Crop health analysis

 Estimation of nutition
Railways track
Infrastructure
& water levels Inspection Platform
inspection
 Detection of pests &
diseases
 Estimation of height,  Cracks, Leaks,  Rails, sleepers
count, acreage & Corrosion fishplates
yield
 SOFTWARE PRODUCT

Agisoft PhotoScan

Pix4DMapper

PhotoModeler
 PHOTOGRAMMETRIC PRODUCT

Ortho image Digital Surface Model (DSM) Digital Elevation Model (DEM)

Contour Digital Terrain Model (DTM) Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN)

Potential Applications in Mapping Field
 POTENTIAL APPLICATION IN MAPPING FIELD

3D MAPPING &
MODELING CAPTURE
URBAN FLOOD MONITORING
SLOPE PALEO SEISMIC
MAPPING OF OPEN-PIT
TOPOGRAPHY ALONG FAULT
MINE AREA
 We Create Quality
Professional PPT
Presentation

MODELLING SLOPE TOPOGRAPHY

SOFTWARE

OUTPUT
 We Create Quality
Professional PPT
Presentation

URBAN FLOOD MAPPING

SOFTWARE

OUTPUT
 We Create Quality
Professional PPT
Presentation

3D MAPPING AND MONITORING OF

OPEN-PIT MINE AREA
SOFTWARE

OUTPUT
Thank You