Supervisory

Control
And
Data
Acquisition
Group Members

 Ahmer Sohail UW-15-Ch.E-BSc-007

 Rehan Ahmed UW-15-Ch.E-BSc-016
 Talha Imtiaz UW-15-Ch.E-BSc-001
 Touseeq Haider UW-15-Ch.E-BSc-027
S upervisory
C ontrol
A nd
D ata
Acquisition
 What is SCADA
 SCADA is acronym for Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition.
 It is a kind of software application program used for process
control.
 It gather real time data from remote locations for exercising this
control on equipment and conditions.
 It generally refers to an industrial control system (a computer
system monitoring and controlling a process
4
 The process can be Industrial or Infrastructure based as described below,
 Industrial processes include those of
1. Manufacturing
2. Production
3. Power generation
4. Fabrication & refining
5. Any continuous or batch process
 Infrastructure processes may be public or private, and include
1. Water treatment and distribution
2. Wastewater collection and treatment
3. Oil and gas pipelines
4. Electrical power transmission and distribution
5. and large Communication systems

5
Components
 SCADA system consists of hardware & software components
 The hardware collects and feeds data into a computer with SCADA
software installed in it.
 The data is then represented in a compiled manner.
 The function of SCADA is recording and logging all events in a file
that is stored in a hard disk or sending them to printer.
 If conditions become hazardous, SCADA sounds warning alarms.
6
Components
 Input / Output
 Signal Hardware
 Network
 Human machine interface
 Controllers
 Database
 Communication
 Software constitute a SCADA system

SCADA comes under the scope of Instrumentation Engineering

7
Control/Monitor Function
 An industry or a plant may spread over a large area.

 SCADA is the central system which controls and monitor all the processes going

on in the plant.

 SCADA is limited to supervise the processes only, in most cases.

This is the Central Control Room
where SCADA is installed
• For example, in an industrial process, flow of cooling water in a pipeline is controlled
by Control Valve but the set point for the water flow can be changed by an operator
using SCADA system
• Also any alarm condition like high temperature or low flow may be recorded and
displayed by SCADA
• SCADA controls the whole loop of the process.
• In this example of set point for water flow, the measured flow and level of water is
read by the SCADA system before sending the set points to the two PLCs.
• The PLC for flow, after comparing the measured flow to the set point, sets the speed
pump to match the flow with the set point.
• The other PLC for level, after comparing the current level to the set point, controls
the flow through a valve to match the level of the set point.
• This is how SCADA system controls and monitors the overall system without
performing the main control process that is done through PLC.
A SCADA system consists of the following subsystems

• A Human Machine Interface or HMI is the apparatus which presents process

data to a human operator, and through this, the human operator monitors and
control the process

• A supervisory system (Computer), gathering (acquiring) data of the process

and sending commands (Control) to the process.

• Remote terminal Units (RTUs) connecting to the sensors in the process,

converting sensor signals and sending digital data to the supervisory system.
• Data Acquisition begins from meter readings and equipment status reports that are
communicated to SCADA.
• Data is then compiled and formatted in such a way that a control room operator
using HMI can make supervisory decisions.
• Data may also be fed to a Historian Computer to allow trending and other analytical
auditing
• A Human Machine Interface is the apparatus which presents process data to a
human operator, and through which the human operator controls the process.
• An HMI is usually linked to the SCADA system’s database to provide
1. Trending
2. Diagnostic Data
3. Management information
4. Scheduled Maintenance Procedures
5. Troubleshooting Guides
The HMI system usually presents the information to the personnel graphically, in the
form of mimic diagram. Operator can see the schematic representation of the plant
being controlled
• For example, a picture of a pump connected to a pipe can show the

operator that the pump is running and how fluid it is pumping through

the pipe at the moment.

• The operator can then switch the pump off.

• The HMI software will show the flowrate of the fluid in the pipe

decrease in real time.

• Mimic diagrams may consist of line graphics and schematic symbols to

represent process elements, or may consist of digital photographs of the

process equipment overlain with animated symbols.

• Finally the most important part of SCADA is their alarm system

• Alarm are generated when their set point is met.

• An example of the alarm is the “Fuel Tank Empty” light in cars.

• The SCADA system generate the alarm to tell the operator that there is something

wrong with the process.