Instruction: Choose the verb or verbs in the

sentence.

1. Charging too much for his services was the cause of

his downfall.
2. The maintenance workers continued cleaning up the
debris from the storm.
3. Kobe gives swimming all of his energy and time.
4. A problem that continually plagues me is
remembering people’s names.
5. I am demoting the officer for disobeying orders.
 Running
Driving Reading

Swimming Eating

Typing Fishing
 GERUND and
GERUND PHRASES
by:

JESTONI MARIKIT
GERUND

It is a verb / verb form that ends in – ing (verb +

ing) but functions “AS A NOUN”.

GERUND PHRASES
It includes the gerund, plus any modifier or
complement and/or objects.
Rules to Remember:
1. A Gerund /Gerund phrase always functions as a noun.

2. Gerund / Gerund phrases are always subjects, objects

(direct or indirect), subject complement, and object of
prepositions in sentences.

3. Gerund phrases always start with gerunds.

4. Gerund phrases always include modifiers and often

include other objects.
FIVE (5) FUNCTIONS OF GERUND:
1. SUBJECT of a sentence – the thing or idea the sentence
is talking about.
E.g.
1. Charging too much
much for
for his
hisservices
serviceswas
wasthe
thecause
causeof
ofhis
his
downfall.

How to find a subject?

Step 1. Find the verb
Step 2. Ask before the verb Who? Or What?
Therefore, the answer is the Subject.
FIVE (5) FUNCTIONS OF GERUND:
2. As DIRECT OBJECT of a Verb – is the thing being acted upon or
the receiver of the action. It could be a noun or a pronoun,
and always follows an action verb.
E.g.
2. The maintenance workers continued cleaning up
up the
the debris
debris
from the storm.
storm.

How to find a Direct Object?

Step 1. Find the verb
Step 2. Ask What? or Who?
Therefore, the answer is the Direct Object.
FIVE (5) FUNCTIONS OF GERUND:
3. As INDIRECT OBJECT of a sentence – is the recipient of the Direct
Object. It always comes between the verb and the direct
object.
E.g.
3. Kobe gives swimming
swimming all
all of
of his
his energy
energy and
and time
time..

How to find an Indirect Object?

Step 1. Find the verb
Step 2. Ask Who? Or What? =Direct Object
Step 3. Ask To Whom? , For Whom? or For What?
Therefore, the answer is the Indirect Object
FIVE (5) FUNCTIONS OF GERUND:
4. As SUBJECT COMPLEMENT – is at the end of the sentence
“RENAMES the subject”. Follows a verb (usually to-be
verb).
E.g.
4. A problem that continually plagues me is remembering
remembering
people’s names.
names.

How to find a Subject Complement?

Hint: It usually begins after the verb.
FIVE (5) FUNCTIONS OF GERUND:
5. As OBJECT OF PREPOSITION – the word or words that
follows a preposition. Preposition is a word that comes
before one noun “to show its relationship” to another
word in the phrase or clause.

E.g. 5. I am demoting the officer for disobeying

disobeying orders.
orders.

How to find an Object of Preposition?

Step 1. Find the preposition
Step 2. Then, put the preposition in the blank and ask
“____who or what?”
Why Are Verbals Important?

Writers can use verbals to help make their

writing more varied and concise and to give it
better flow.
ORIGINAL:
• James ran from the dog. He hid behind a tree. He knew he couldn’t
stay there for long, though. He could hear the dog. It was
approaching him. It snarled and growled. He tried to think of
somewhere else he could go. Then he saw the barn. Would he be
able to get to it without the dog first spotting him? James wasn’t
sure, but he thought he should probably run to it. It was his only
real option.

REVISED:
• Running away from the dog, James hid behind a tree. He knew he
couldn’t stay there for long, though. He could hear the approaching
dog, snarling and growling. He tried to think of somewhere else to
go. Then he saw the barn. Would he be able to get to it without the
dog first spotting him? James wasn’t sure, but he thought running
to it was his only real option.
Instruction:
Answers: Choose the Gerund and the Gerund
Phrase and identify its function in the
1. sentence.
Without studying for the test, you are taking a big chance.
(object of the preposition without)
1.
2. Without studying
Jestoni gave for marathon
running the the test,his
you are
best taking a big
shot.
chance.
(Indirect Object)
3.
2. Cleaninggave
Jestoni your running
computerthe
screen should behis
marathon done carefully.
best shot.
(Subject of the sentence)
3.
4.
Cleaning your computer screen should be done
The decorator suggested papering the wall with a floral
carefully.
design.
4. The decorator
(Direct Object) suggested papering the wall with a
5. One ofdesign.
floral my favorite events is canoeing down the Mississipi
River.
5. One of Complement)
(Subject my favorite events is canoeing down the
Mississipi River.
THANK YOU!