Hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water. But the equation is not
balanced.
There are 2 oxygen atoms on the reactant side of the equation, but only
one on the product side. If we place a 2 in front of the water on the
product side, we will balance the oxygens.
H2 + O2 2H2O
We now need to balance the hydrogens
Place a 2 before the hydrogens on the reactant side of the equation
2H2 + O2 2H2O Balanced
Na H O Na H O
1 2 1 1 3 1
Let us balance the hydrogen atoms first
Na + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2
Na H O Na H O
1 4 2 2 4 2
Na H O Na H O
2 4 2 2 4 2
(a) ZnCl2
Answer: Zn: +2 Cl: -1
(b) SO3
Answer: O: -2 S: +6
(c) MnO4-
Answer: O: -2 Mn: +7
Defining Oxidising and Reducing agents
+2 -2 +2 -2 0 +4 -2
Step 3: Identify oxidising and reducing
Step 2: Write half equations:
agents:
+2 +2 +9 +6
Add three electrons to the reactant side to balance the charges
Procedure:
MnO4- Mn2+
Mn + 4(-2) = -1
Mn : +2
Mn = +7
MnO4- gains 5 electrons. It acts as the oxidising agent as it is reduced.
MnO4- + 5e- Mn2+ Reduction reaction
Fe2+ Fe3+
Fe loses an electron. It acts as the reducing agent as it is oxidised.
+2 +2
Already balanced!
2H2O + SO2 SO42- + 2e- + 4H+
0 0 -2 -2 +4
0 0
Already balanced
Step 6: Ensure number of electrons gained equals number of electrons
lost and add the two half reactions together
(a) I- + SO42- I2 + S
Answer: 6I- + 8H+ + SO42- 3I2 + S + 4H2O
I- I2 O.N. of I- is -1 O.N of I2 is 0
2I- I2 + e-
-4 -4
Already balanced!
Step 7: Ensure the number of electrons gained equals the number of
electrons lost and add the two half reactions together
2I- I2 + 2e- ×3
2H2O + MnO4- + 3e- MnO2 + 4OH- ×2
Balanced
Check to ensure that all atoms and charges are balanced.
Question
Balance the following redox equation which occurs in basic solution
Mn2+ + H2O2 MnO2 + H2O
Step 1: Identify the oxidising and reducing agents and write half reactions
Step 5: For each H+ ion, add equal no. of OH- to both sides of equation
2H2O + Mn2+ + 4OH- MnO2 + 2e- + 4H+ + 4OH-
2H2O + Mn2+ + 4OH- MnO2 + 2e- + 4H2O
Mn2+ + 4OH- MnO2 + 2e- + 2H2O
2H+ + 2OH- + H2O2 + e- 2H2O + 2OH-
2H2O + H2O2 + e- 2H2O + 2OH-
H2O2 + e- 2OH-
Step 6: Use electrons as needed to obtain a charge that is balanced
Mn2+ + 4OH- MnO2 + 2e- + 2H2O
+2 -4 0 -2 0
-2 -2
H2O2 + e- 2OH-
0 -1 -2
-1 -2
Add one electron to the reactant side to balance charges
H2O2 + 2e- 2OH-
Step 7: Ensure no. of electrons gained equals no. of electrons lost and
add the half reactions together
Mn2+ + 4OH- MnO2 + 2e- + 2H2O
H2O2 + 2e- 2OH-
Mn2+ + H2O2 + 2OH- MnO2 + 2H2O
Questions
Write balanced equations to represent the following reactions in a basic
solution