Scope & Objectives

Scope
› WCDMA physical layer
› WCDMA downlink
› WCDMA uplink

Objectives
› Explain the WCDMA physical
layer
› Explain the different aspects of
the WCDMA downlink
› Explain the different aspects of
the WCDMA uplink
Overview
Control User User Control
Data Data
RRC RRC L3
Signaling
Radio Bearer

Radio Bearer

RLC RLC RLC RLC L2

Logical Channel

MAC MAC L2
Transport Channel

PHY PHY L1
Physical Channel

UE WCDMA
RAN
Downlink Channels
 WCDMA Downlink FDD
Logical Channels Transport Channels Physical Channels
(Layers 2+) (Layer 2) (Layer 1)
CPICH S/P
Null Data
Common Pilot Channel
Cch 256,0 Sdl,n Gain
Sync Codes(*)
BCH Data
BCCH Broadcast Ch. Encoding P-CCPCH(*) S/P PSC
Primary Common Control Physical Ch.

Broadcast Control Ch. Cch 256,1 Sdl,n Gain
Data
FACH Fwd Acc Ch. GP
Encoding S-CCPCH S/P
PCCH PCH
Secondary Common Control Physical Ch. SSCi SCH (Sync Channel)
Data Cch Sdl,n Gain
Paging Control Ch. Paging Ch. Encoding
CCCH S-CCPCH S/P GS
Common Traffic Ch. FACH Data Secondary Common Control Physical Ch.
Forward Access Ch. Encoding Cch Sdl,n Gain
CTCH DPCH (Dedicated Physical Channel)
Common Traffic Ch. CCTrCH One per UE
DCCH DCH Data
Dedicated Control Ch. Dedicated Ch. Encoding Downlink
DTCH DCH Data M DPDCH (one or more per UE)
RF Out
Dedicated Traffic Ch. 1 Dedicated Ch. Encoding U M
Dedicated Physical Data Ch.
X U S/P
X
Cch Sdl,n Gain
I+jQ I
Filter

DTCH DCH Data I/Q
Dedicated Traffic Ch. N Dedicated Ch. Encoding DPCCH (one per UE) S/P Modulator
Filter
Dedicated Physical Control Ch. Cch Sdl,n Gain Q
Pilot, TPC, TFCI bits
Access Indication data AICH (Acquisition Indicator Channel) S/P 
Paging Indication bits PICH (Paging Indicator Channel ) Cch Sdl,n Gain

MBMS Indication bits MICH (MBMS Notification Ind. Ch.l ) S/P RBS
Cch Sdl,n Gain

HS-DSCH HS- PDSCH (one or more per UE)

HSDPA High Speed DL Data
High Speed Physical Downlink S/P
Shared Ch. Encoding
shared Channel C16 Sdl,n Gain
TFRI, UE Data HS-SCCH (<=4 per UE) S/P
Identity, HARQ Encoding High Speed Shared Control Channel.
C128 Sdl,n Gain
Data F-DPCH
TPC S/P
Encoding Fractional Downlink Physical Channel.
C256 Sdl,n Gain

Activation flag Data E-AGCH (<=4 per UE, serving cell)

EUL Power ratio Encoding E-DCH Absolute Grant Channel
S/P
C256 Sdl,n Gain
ACK/NACK E-HICH (E-DCH Hybrid ARQ
Indication Channel)
SS 
Relative grant E-RGCH (non-serving cell) C128 Sdl,n Gain
(E-DCH Relative Grant Channel)
SS
Common Pilot Channel (P-
CPICH)
P-CPICH - Primary Common Pilot Channel

• Coherent phase reference

• Continuously sends the Scrambling code for the cell
• Estimation for Cell Selection/Reselection and handover

Radio Base User

1 Frame = 15 slots = 10 mSec
Station Equipment
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Pilot Symbol Data (10 symbols per slot)

1 timeslot = 2560 Chips = 10 symbols = 20 bits = 666.667 µSec

Primary Common Control Physical
Channel (P-CCPCH)

P-CCPCH - Primary Common Control Physical Channel

• Broadcast Channel (BCH)

• Synchronization Channel (SCH)

Radio Base User

1 Frame = 15 slots = 10 mSec
Station Equipment
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

BCH Spreading Factor = 256

1 Slot = 0.666 mSec = 18 P-CCPCH data bits / slot
PSC
Broadcast Data (18 bits)
SSCi

SCH P-CCPCH
256 Chips 2304 Chips
Secondary Common Control
Physical Channel (S-CCPCH)

S-CCPCH - Secondary Common Control

Physical Channel

• Paging Channel (PCH)

• Forward Access Channel (FACH)
• Cell_Fach State – Low Data Rate

Radio Base 1 Frame = 15 slots = 10 mSec User

Station Equipment
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Spreading Factor = 256 to 4

1 Slot = 0.666 mSec = 2560 chips = 20 * 2k data bits; k = [0..6]
TFCI or DTX Data Pilot

0, 2, or 8 bits 20 to 1256 bits 0, 8, or 16 bits

Paging Indicator Channel
(PICH)

PICH - Paging Indicator Channel

• Sleep-mode operation to save battery in idle mode

• The PICH is used to alert UEs of an incoming page

• Paging indicator set to “1” indicates that the UE should read

Radio Base the S-CCPCH User
Station Equipment
Acquisition Indicator Channel
(AICH)

N
Preamble 2nd
Preamble 1st
Preamble
Radio Base User
Station Equipment

AICH - Acquisition Indicator Channel

Dedicated Channels
Dedicated Physical Control &
Data Channel (DPDCH & DPCCH)

DPDCH - Dedicated Physical Data Channel

DPCCH - Dedicated Physical Control Channel

• User Traffic
• Control information

Radio Base User

1 Frame = 15 slots = 10 mSec
Station Equipment
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

1 Slot = 0.666 mSec = 2560 chips = 10 x 2^k bits, k = [0...7]

SF = 512/2k = [512, 256, 128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4]
Data 1 TPC TFCI Data 2 Pilot

DPDCH DPCCH DPDCH DPCCH

Uplink Channels
 WCDMA Uplink (FDD)
Logical Channels Transport Channels Physical Channels
(Layers 2+) (Layer 2) (Layer 1)

Chd Gd
CCCH RACH Data PRACH
Common Control Ch. Random Access Ch. Coding Physical Random Access Ch.
Chc Gc 
RACH Control Part
DCCH
Dedicated Control Ch. Chd,1 Gd j
CCTrCH DPDCH #1
Dedicated Physical Data Ch.
DCH Chd,3 Gd
Data
I
Dedicated Ch. Encoding DPDCH #3 (optional)
Dedicated Physical Data Ch.
Chd,5 Gd
DTCH DCH Data
DPDCH #5 (optional)
Dedicated Traffic Ch. 1 Dedicated Ch. Encoding M Dedicated Physical Data Ch. UE
U Chd,2 Gd
Scrambling
X DPDCH #2 (optional)  Code Uplink
Dedicated Physical Data Ch. RF Out
Chd,4 Gd
DTCH DCH Data DPDCH #4 (optional)
Dedicated Traffic Ch. N Dedicated Ch. Encoding Dedicated Physical Data Ch.
Chd,6 Gd I+jQ I
DPDCH #6 (optional) Q 
Filter I/Q
Dedicated Physical Data Ch. Mod.
Filter
Q
Ch256,0 Gd j
DPCCH
Pilot, TPC, TFCI bits
Dedicated Physical Control Ch.

Ch256 Gd
HSDPA HS-DPCCH
ACK, CQI High Speed Dedicated
Physical Control Ch.
j
Gd
Ch 256,1
EUL RSN
Data
E-TFCI E-DPCCH
Encoding
I
Happy bit
Ch 4,1 Gd

E-DPDCH #1
MAC-es Data Gd 
E-DCH Encoding
MAC-e Ch 4,1

E-DPDCH #2 Q
j
Physical Random Access
channel (PRACH)
PRACH - Physical Random Access Channel

• Sent only after positive AICH indication

• Initial Access control information
• Cell_FACH Data in upilink

Radio Base User

1 Frame = 15 slots = 10 mSec
Station Equipment
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

RACH Data (0.667 ms)

I Random Access Message (10, 20, 40, or 80 bits per slot)

RACH Control part (0.667 ms)

Q Pilot (8 bits) TFCI (2 bits)
Dedicated Physical Control &
Data Channel (DPDCH & DPCCH)
DPDCH - Dedicated Physical Data Channel

DPCCH - Dedicated Physical Control Channel

• User Traffic
• Control information

Radio Base User

1 Frame = 15 slots = 10 mSec
Station Equipment
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Dedicated Physical Data Channel (DPDCH) Slot (0.666 mSec)

I Coded Data, 10 x 2^k bits, k=0…6 (10 to 640 bits)

Dedicated Physical Control Channel (DPCCH) Slot (0.666 mSec)

Pilot TFCI TPC
Q