together. What's
my chance of
getting a tail?
1. What's my chance of getting an even number in a
single roll of a die
2. What's my chance of getting a sum of 7 when two dice
are rolled
4. What's my chance of
getting a black card and a
10 when a card is drawn
from a deck
* illustrates a random variable
(discrete and continuous)
* distinguishes between a discrete and a
continuous random variable
* finds the possible values of a random variable
* illustrates a probability distribution for a
discrete random variable and its
properties.
* construct the probability mass function of a
discrete random variable and its
corresponding histogram.
* computes probabilities corresponding to a
given random variable
- is the measure of the chance that the
event will occur as a result of an
experiment.
In general:
Probability of an event =
1
2
S Z P(Y)
RR 0 1/4
RB 1 2/4 or 1/2
BR 1
BB 2 1/4
2. Suppose three cell phones are tested at
random. D represent the defective cell phone
and N represent the non-defective cell
phone.If we let X be the random variable
representing the number of defective cell
phones, can you show the values by making a
table of sample space and random variable?
S Y P(Y)
NNN 0 1/8
NND 1
NDN 1 3/8
DNN 1
NDD 2
DND 2 3/8
DDN 2
DDD 3 1/8
1. The probability of each value of random
variable must be between or equal to 0 and
1. In symbol, we write it as
0 ≤ P(X) ≥ 1
1/8 = 0.125 1/2 = 0.5
ΣP(X) = 1
P(Y)
1/8
P(Y)
3/8
1/4
2/4 or 1/2
3/8
1/4
1/8
= 8/8 = 1 = 4/4 = 1
Determine whether the given values can serve
as the values of a probability distribution of
random variable X that take on only the values
1, 2, and 3.
1. P(1)=0.08 , P(2)=0.12 , P(3)=1.03
0.30
0.20
0.10
0
0 1 2 3 4
2.
0.45
0.30
0.15
0
0 1 2
Ready for the deepening
of the study?
Hey diddle, diddle
Mean = (1+2+2+3+3+3+3+4+4+5+6)/11
= 3.27
Mode = 3
COMPUTING THE
MEAN OF A
DISCRETE
PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTION
* illustrates and calculate the mean of a
discrete random variable;
* interpret the mean of a discrete random
variable; and
* solve problems involving mean of probability
distributions.
MEAN
- a term that refers to the AVERAGE
- in symbol X , μ
Formula for the Mean of the
Probability Distribution
X=Σ X•P(X) sample
μ= Σ fX population
n
Let's do this
1. Consider rolling a die. What is the average
number of spots that would appear?
NUMBER OF SPOTS PROBABILITY X•P(X)
or S DISTRIBUTION
X P(X)
X=Σ X•P(X)=
Example 1. Consider rolling a die. What is the
average number of spots that would appear?
NUMBER OF SPOTS PROBABILITY X•P(X)
X P(X)
1 1/6 1/6
2 1/6 2/6
3 1/6 3/6
4 1/6 4/6
5 1/6 5/6
6 1/6 6/6
X=Σ X•P(X)=21/6=3.5
2. The probabilities that a surgeon operates on 3, 4, 5, 6,
or 7 patients in any day are 0.15, 0.10, 0.20, 0.25, and
0.30, respectively. Find the average number of patients
that a surgeon operates on a day.
SAMPLE SPACE (s) PROBABILITY X•P(X)
X P(X)
3
4
5
6
7
X=Σ X•P(X)
Example 2. The probabilities that a surgeon operates
on 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7 patients in any day are 0.15, 0.10, 0.20,
0.25, and 0.30, respectively. Find the average number of
patients that a surgeon operates on a day.
NUMBER OF SPOTS PROBABILITY X•P(X)
X P(X)
3 0.15 0.45
4 0.10 0.40
5 0.20 1
6 0.25 1.5
7 0.30 2.1
X=Σ X•P(X)=5.45
Exercise
σ2=Σ f(X-X )2
n
STANDARD DEVIATION
- measures the dispersion of a dataset relative
to its mean and is calculated as the square
root of the variance
- in symbol σ
σ= Σ (X-μ)2•P(X)
σ= Σ f(X-X )2
n
The number of cars sold per day at a local car dealership, along with its corresponding
probabilities, is shown in the succeeding table. Compute the variance and the standard
deviation of the probability distribution by following the given formula
Number of Cars
Sold
X P(X) X•P(X) X-μ (X-μ)2 (X-μ)2•P(X)
σ= Σ (X-μ)2•P(X)
σ= Σ f(X-X )2
n
Steps in Finding the Variance and
Standard Deviation
1. Find the mean of the probability distribution
2. Subtract the mean from each value of
random variable X
3. Square the results obtained in Step 2
4. Multiply the results obtained in Step 3 by
the corresponding probability
5. Get the sum of the results obtained in Step 4
CHAPTER TEST
A.Choose the letter that corresponds to the
correct answer.
1. Which of the following is a discrete random
variable?
a. the average amount of electricity consumed
b. the number of patients in a hospital
c. the amount of paint used in repainting a
building
d. the average weight of female athletes
2. If two coins are tossed, which is not a
possible value of the random variable for the
number of heads?
a. 0 c. 2
b. 1 d. 3
3. Which of the following is not a true
statement?
a. the value of a random variable could be zero
b. random variables can only have one value
c. the probability of the value of a random
variable could be zero
d. the sum of all probabilities in a probability
distribution is always equal to one
4. Which formula gives the probability
distribution shown by the table?
X 2 3 6
P(X) 1/2 1/3 1/6
a. 0, 2, 3 c. 2, 3, 4
b. 1, 2, 3 d. 1, 1, 2
Classify the following random variables as
discrete or continuous
21 27 32 37
42 8
22 28 33 38
50 12
23 X=ΣfX= 43 29 34 39
53 9 n
24 30 35 40
38 7
25 31 36 41
46 4
n=40 ΣfX= 26 Σf(X-X)2= 42