IOT Applications in Home Air

Quality Monitoring &Quality

Control
NATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ONADVANCES IN BASIC SCIENCES(NSABS-2019
 Urban air quality getting worse

 About half of the urban population being monitored worldwide is

exposed to air pollution that is at least 2.5 times higher than the
levels recommended by the WHO.
 The urban air quality database of the World Health Organization
(WHO) now covers 1600 cities across 91 countries – 500 more
cities than the previous database issued in 2011. This shows that
more and more cities worldwide are monitoring outdoor air
quality, reflecting a growing recognition of air pollution’s health
risks.
 Only 12 per cent of the people living in cities reporting on air
quality reside in cities where the pollution levels comply with the
WHO’s air quality guideline levels. About half of the urban
population being monitored is exposed to air pollution levels that
are at least 2.5 times higher than the guidelines recommended
by the WHO – putting those people at additional risk of serious,
long-term health problems.
 In most of these cities air pollution is getting worse, often due to reliance on
fossil fuels such as coal-fired power plants for electricity generation,
dependence on private transport motor vehicles, inefficient use of energy in
buildings, and the use of biomass for cooking and heating.

 “We can win the fight against air pollution and reduce the number of people
suffering from respiratory and heart disease, as well as lung cancer,” said Dr
Maria Neira, WHO Director for Public Health, Environmental and Social
Determinants of Health. “Effective policies and strategies are well understood,
but they need to be implemented at sufficient scale. Cities such as
Copenhagen and Bogotà, for example, have improved air quality by
promoting ‘active transport’ and prioritising dedicated networks of urban
public transport, walking and cycling.”
 Situtions of Air pollution In India:

 Arvind Kumar, a chest surgeon at New Delhi’s Sir

Ganga Ram Hospital, has a ringside view of the
toll that northern India’s deteriorating air quality is
taking on its residents. When he started practising
30 years ago, some 80 to 90 per cent of his lung
cancer patients were smokers, mostly men, aged
typically in their 50s or 60s.
 But in the past six years, half of Dr Kumar’s lung
cancer patients have been non-smokers, about 40
per cent of them women. Patients are younger
too, with 8 per cent in their 30s and 40s.
 To Dr Kumar, the dramatic shift in the profiles of
lung cancer patients has a clear cause: air fouled
by dirty diesel exhaust fumes, construction dust,
rising industrial emissions and crop burning, which
has created heavy loads of harmful pollutants in
the air.
 A study published in The Lancet has estimated that in 2017 air pollution killed 1.24m Indians — half of
them younger than 70, which lowers the country’s average life expectancy by 1.7 years. The 10 most
polluted cities in the world are all in northern India.

 Top officials in prime minister Narendra Modi’s government have suggested New Delhi’s air is little dirtier
than that in other major capitals such as London.
 Harsh Vardhan, India’s environment minister and a doctor, has played down the health consequences
of dirty air, insisting it is mainly a concern for those with pre-existing lung conditions. But that appears to
fly in the face of international studies that show that air pollution has a wide-ranging impact, including
an elevated risk for heart attacks and strokes, increased risk of asthma, reduced foetal growth, stunted
development of children’s lungs, and cognitive impairment.
 Northern India’s geography means that pollution generated in the region is not easily dispersed
because the Himalayas form a barrier to the north, preventing poor air from dissipating. “We are sitting
in a region where the wind dies in winter,” says Ms Narain. “Think of it like a big, massive bowl. That is
why the ability to deal with the sources of the pollution become critical.”
 Introduction to IOT:

 The Internet of Things definition: “Sensors and actuators embedded in

physical objects are linked through wired and wireless networks”
 There are a number of similar concepts but Internet of Things is by far the
most popular term to describe this phenomenon
 The term Internet of Things was invented in 1999, initially to promote RFID
technology
 The popularity of the term IoT did not accelerate until 2010/2011 and
reached mass market in early 2014
 M2M or the Industrial internet are not opposing concepts to the Internet of
Things. Rather, they are sub-segments.
Birth of IOT:

The term Internet of Things is 16 years old. But the actual idea of connected
devices had been around longer, at least since the 70s. Back then, the idea
was often called “embedded internet” or “pervasive computing”. But the
actual term “Internet of Things” was coined by Kevin Ashton in 1999 during his
work at Procter&Gamble. Ashton who was working in supply chain
optimization, wanted to attract senior management’s attention to a new
exciting technology called RFID. Because the internet was the hottest new
trend in 1999 and because it somehow made sense, he called his
presentation “Internet of Things”.
Even though Kevin grabbed the interest of some P&G executives, the term
Internet of Things did not get widespread attention for the next 10 years.
 IOT Based Air Pollution Monitoring
System:
 In this project we are going to make an IOT Based Air Pollution
Monitoring System in which we will monitor the Air Quality over a
webserver using internet and will trigger a alarm when the air
quality goes down beyond a certain level, means when there
are sufficient amount of harmful gases are present in the air like
CO2, smoke, alcohol, benzene and NH3. It will show the air
quality in PPM on the LCD and as well as on webpage so that
we can monitor it very easily.
 The MQ135 sensor can sense NH3, NOx, alcohol, Benzene,
smoke, CO2 and some other gases, so it is perfect gas sensor for
our Air Quality Monitoring Project. When we will connect it to
Arduino then it will sense the gases, and we will get the Pollution
level in PPM (parts per million). MQ135 gas sensor gives the
output in form of voltage levels and we need to convert it into
PPM. So for converting the output in PPM, here we have used a
library for MQ135 sensor, it is explained in detail in “Code
Explanation” section below.
 Sensor will be giving us value of 90 when there was no gas near it and the
safe level of air quality is 350 PPM and it should not exceed 1000 PPM.
When it exceeds the limit of 1000 PPM, then it starts cause Headaches,
sleepiness and stagnant, stale, stuffy air and if exceeds beyond 2000 PPM
then it can cause increased heart rate and many other diseases.
 When the value will be less than 1000 PPM, then the LCD and webpage
will display “Fresh Air”. Whenever the value will increase 1000 PPM, then
the buzzer will start beeping and the LCD and webpage will display “Poor
Air, Open Windows”. If it will increase 2000 then the buzzer will keep
beeping and the LCD and webpage will display “Danger! Move to fresh
Air”.
Components & Practical Output:

•MQ135 Gas sensor

•Arduino Uno
•Wi-Fimodule ESP8266
•16X2 LCD
•Breadboard
•10K potentiometer
•1K ohm resistors
•220 ohm resistor
•Buzzer
 Smart Air Purifier System using
Arduino:

 The presence of dust in homes, offices, and other human

environments are unavoidable. In fact, according to the
Environmental Protection Agency, indoor air can be 2 to 5 times
more polluted than outdoor air. This airborne pollution contributes
to minor annoyances such as itchy eyes, sneezing, and
headaches to human beings. Worst still, it can be a major
contributing factor to severe allergies, life-threatening asthma.

 To solve this problem, a working air purifier machine well address

this issue. But, I would like to leverage the advantages of IoT to
make the the air purifier smarter. Instead of the conventional way
that turning on the air purifier whole day, I would like to implement
a “brain - microcontroller” and "sensor” to operate only if the
presence of dust reach certain level of awareness, this could save
a lot of electricity! And the operational status will be available to
my "terminal window" in my laptop or any "MQTT-enabled client"
devices whenever I travel to anywhere around the world.
Components:

 GP2Y1010AU0F Sharp Dust Sensor

 ARDUINO YUN
 Relay Module
 Jumper Wires
 Breadboard
 Male Female Cable Connectors
 220uF Capacitors
 15ohm resitors
 Sharp FPA40UW PlasmaTrue Air Purifier
Schematic: