EARTH AND LIFE

SCIENCE
GRADE 11
What is EARTH SCIENCE

the branch of science dealing with the

physical constitution of the earth and its
atmosphere.
 The Four Earth Sciences

Geology: Science of the Earth

Meteorology: Science of the Atmosphere

Oceanography: Science of the Oceans

Astronomy: Science of the Universe

Cosmology:

is a branch of science that

study the origin, evolution and the
fate of the universe.
OBJECTIVES:
1.)state the different hypotheses
explaining the origin of the
universe.
• prove that the universe is
expanding
• formulate own theory about the
origin of the universe
• What is a universe?
 ACTIVITY
Bang that Balloon
Materials:
1 piece of big balloon
5 pcs. Pebbles
3 pcs. small marbles
¼ cup of water
1 tbsp. of sand
PROCEDURE:
1.) Put all the given materials inside
the balloon.
2.) Inflate slowly the balloon until the
balloon burst.
3.) Observe what will happen to the
materials when the balloon burst
 QUESTION
1.) Compare the materials
when they are inside the
balloon and when the balloon
burst. (Tabular Form)
2.) Describe what
happen to the materials
when the balloon burst.
3.) Based on the activity
how would you describe
the formation universe?
GROUP ACTIVITY
GROUP 1: BIG BANG THEORY
GROUP 2: STEADY-STATE THEORY
GROUP 3: NUCLEOSYNTHESIS
THEORY
GROUP 4: CREATIONIST THEORY
Presentation of Output
Big Bang Theory
• states that the universe
started as a singularity
that exploded. This
explosion resulted to
the formation of all the
matter in universe.
 an area predicted to
be in the core of a
“singularity” black hole with a very
high temperature and
density, which
compressed matter
with its intense
gravitational pressure.
BIG BANG THEORY

the energy and

matter divided and
became distinct
from each other.
proponent of the Big Bang Theory

Georges Lemaître:
a Belgian priest, is considered as the
first proponent of the Big Bang Theory.
Edwin Hubble:
red shift of galaxies was directly
proportional to the distance of the galaxy
from earth. That meant that things farther
away from Earth were moving away
faster. In other words, the universe must
be expanding. He announced his finding
in 1929.
 PROVE THAT THE UNIVERSE IS EXPANDING

 The Doppler Red

Shift
Arno Penzias, and Robert Wilson
• The astronomers discovered the cosmic
microwave background (CMB) radiation by
chance in the mid-1960s while using the
Holmdel Horn Antenna in New Jersey to map
the sky.

How the discovery of CMB supported the

Big Bang theory?
• the Big Bang theory predicts that the
early universe was a very hot place
and that as it expands, the gas
within it cools.
• Thus the universe should be filled
with radiation that is literally the
remnant heat left over from the Big
Bang, called the “cosmic microwave
background", or CMB.
STEADY-STATE THEORY OR INFINITE
UNIVERSE
proposed by Fred Hoyle,
Thomas Gold, and
Herman Bondi.

the density of matter in

the expanding universe
remain unchanged due to
continuous creation of
matter
• Steady State Theory discusses that
the universe has always been there
and will always be present.
PULSATING UNIVERSE THEORY OR
OSCILLATING THEORY
it says that the
universe follows
infinite self-
sustaining cycles
such as expanding
and contracting.
 The universe is “living” and keeps
pulsating in and out.
 The universe expands at a rapid rate
with gravity and inertia.
 Eventually inertia will run out and
gravity will be left and will cause the
universe to pull in to itself and create a
“crunch”
 Oscillating Universe Theory
• discusses that the universe is
expanding and will contract once all
the energy after the Big Bang is used
up.

• The collapsing of the universe will

then lead to the formation of a new
universe.
CREATIONIST THEORY OR DIVINE
CREATION THEORY

State that GOD,

the supreme Being
created the whole
universe out of
nothing.
ACTIVITY
1.) Choose one of the theory
about the origin of the universe.
Create a concept map
illustrating the events that
happen in the universe as
explained by that theory.
 SOLAR System

formed around 4.6 billion years ago

REARRANGE THE PLANETS BASED ON THEIR DISTANCE FROM THE
SUN. WRITE THE NUMBERS 1 – 8, WITH 1 IS THE NEAREST, AND 8 IS
THE FARTHEST.

___a. Saturn ___f. Venus

___b. Earth ___g. Jupiter
___c. Mercury ___h. Uranus
___d. Neptune
___e. Mars
NEBULAR HYPOTHESIS
• 1796 Marquis de
Laplace, a French
astronomer
proposed the
nebular
hypothesis:
The solar
system evolved
from slowly
rotating
gaseous clouds
 THE PLANETS OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM
MERCURY VENUS EARTH MARS

Terrestrial Planets:(Inner Planets)

Planets Closest to the Sun
 JOVIAN PLANETS (OUTER PLANETS)
JUPITER SATURN URANUS NEPTUNE
 Encounter Theory
proposed by Georges Leclerc and Comte de Buffon

suggests that the Solar System formed as a result of

a near collision between a passing star and the Sun.
Protoplanet Theory
• protoplanetary theorists Carl von Weizsäcker
and Gerard Kuiper believed that the solar
system started from a nebula.

• is a modified version of the nebular

hypothesis stating that the Solar System
started from a nebula that was disrupted
Individual Activity
5mins.
Choose one of the theories about the
origin of the universe and solar
system. Create a concept map
illustrating the events that happen in
the universe as explained by that
theory.
GENERALIZATION
• What theory do you believe the most and
why?

 State the different hypotheses explaining

the origin of the universe

• Describe the different hypotheses explaining

the origin of the solar system.
Assessment
Assignment
In a Tabular Form, summarize the
data about the planets as to:
a. Mean distance from the sun
b. Diameter
c. Period of revolution
d. Rotation
e. Number of satellites