Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory

drugs (NSAIDS)
 Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA;
Aspirin)
Adult: PO 300mg one to
two tablets daily
 Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory
drugs (NSAIDS)

 Selective COX 2 Inhibitors: Celecoxib

Adult: 400mg initially, 200 mg twice per day as
needed. Can be taken with or without food.
 Nonsteroidal Anti-
inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS)
 Reversible inhibitors of COX 1 and COX 2, with
analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory actions,
include:
 Diclofenac 50mg every 8-12 hours
 Ibuprofen
Adult: 200mg every 6-8 hours, as needed. Taken with food.
Child: 5-10mkd every 6 hours (100mg/2.5ml drops,
200mg/5ml susp)
 Mefenamic acid 50mg every 4-6 hours
 Naproxen 550mg every 8 hours as needed for pain
Advise to take with food to avoid/minimize gastrointestinal effects
 Analgesics/Anti-pyretics
 Acetaminophen (Paracetamol)
MOA: Cyclooxygenase inhibitor, decreases
Prostaglandins

Adult : PO 0.5-1 g every 4-6 hours. Max: 4 g/day

Child: PO 10-15mkd every 4 hours as needed for fever
of 37.8c or above (100mg/ml, 120mg/ml, 250mg/5ml)
 Antihistamines
MOA: Inhibit histamine-1 receptors
 Indications: Pruritus, urticaria, allergic rhinitis

 Diphenhydramine
Adult: 50mg every 6-8 hours a day
Child: 5 mkd every 6-8 hours a day
 Cetirizine
Adult : 10 mg once daily or 5 mg twice a day at
Child: 0.25 – 0.50 mkd (2.5mg/ml, 5mg/5ml)
 Loratadine
Adult : 10 mg tab twice a day
Antibiotics
 Antibiotics
 Penicillins: Amoxicillin
MOA: Inactivates enzymes (penicillin binding protein) located in
the bacterial cell membrane which are involved in cell wall
synthesis
Adults: 500mg every 8 hours for 7 days
Child: 40-50mkd, 80mkd for 10 days for OM

 Commonly given for:

URTI : Otitis media, Pharyngitis / Tonsillitis
LRTI : Bronchitis
Skin and soft tissue infections

 Cloxacillin- Skin infections (Impetigo, Cellulitis)

Adults: 500mg every 6 hours for 7 days
Child: 25 mkd every 6 hours for 7 days
(125mg/5ml, 250mg/5ml)
 Antibiotics
 Co-Amoxiclav (Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid)
 Pneumonia, bacterial sinusitis, erysipelas
Adults: 625mg every 12 hours
Child: 20-40mkd in 2 divided doses (312.5mg/5ml
susp )
 Antibiotics
 Cephlosporins
MOA: Binds to penicillin binding proteins and inhibits final
step of peptidoglycan synthesis resulting in cell wall death.
Resists degradation by beta-lactamase
 1st Gen Cephalosporin
Cefalexin
Adult: 500mg/ capsule every 6 hours
Pedia: 25-100 mkday
250mg, 500/5ml suspension (QID)
 Commonly given for:
 Uncomplicated UTI
 URTI
 Pharyngitis
 Streptococcal skin infections
 2nd Gen Cephalosporin
Cefuroxime
Adult: 500mg/ capsule every 12 hours
Pedia: 20-30mkd in two divided doses (250mg/5ml susp)
Commonly given for:
 Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis
 Acute bacterial sinusitis
 Uncomplicated skin infections
 Uncomplicated pneumonia
 Impetigo
 3rd Gen Cephalosporin
Cefixime
Adult: 200mg/tablet (BID)
Pedia: 8mkd every 12 hours(100mg, 200mg, 500mg/5ml
susp)
 Commonly given for:
 Acute Bronchitis
 Otitis Media
 Pharyngitis/Tonsilitis
 Sulfonamides
MOA: Inhibits dihydopteroate synthase and folate
production. Combination of sulfonamide with inhibitor of
dihydrofolte reductase (Trimethoprim) provides synergistic
activity of sequential inhibition of folate syntehsis
 UTI, Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, traveller’s
diarrhea, Shigellosis
Cotrimoxazole
(Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole)
Adult: 800/160mg/tablet (BID)
Pedia: 8-12 mkd, 20 mkd for severe infections
400/80mg/5mL, 200/40mg/5ml suspension
(BID-TID)
Lincosamide
MOA: Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal
protein.
 Indications: Serious anaerobic infections
 Clindamycin
Adults: 300mg every 8 hours

Macrolide
 Indications: Upper respiratory tract infections, Atypical
Pneumonia, Patients allergic to Penicillins
 Azithromycin
Adult: 500mg / tablet (OD)
Pedia: 12mkd (200mg, 100mg per 5 ml susp)
Quinolones
MOA: Inhibits topoisomerase (DNA gyrase) activity which
promotes breakage of DNA strands
 Indications: UTI, Infections of soft tissues, bones, joints,
intraabdominal and respiratory tract infections
 Ciprofloxacin: 500mg every 12 hours
 Levofloxacin: 500mg once a day (Complicated UTI)

Tetracycline
MOA: inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 30S ribosomal
subunit
 Indications: Leptospirosis prophylaxis, Malaria prophylaxis
 Doxycycline: 100mg / capsule every 12 hours
 Anthelminthic
MOA: Inhibits microtubule synthesis and impairs
glucose uptake resulting in immobilization of intestinal
parasites

 Mebendazole
1-dose treatment 500 mg to be taken as a single dose
3-day treatment (20mg/ml susp) 5 mL bid given for 3
consecutive days.
 Albendazole
Adult: <60 kg: 15 mg/kg daily in 2 divided doses. Max:
800 mg/day. ≥60 kg: 400 mg bid. Admin dose for three 28-
day cycles
Cough and colds
 Mucolytics
MOA: alter chemical characteristic of mucus to decrease
its viscosity and facilitate its removal by ciliary action.
 Indication: Productive cough
 Ambroxol
Adult: 30mg TID after a meal
Child: 1.2-1.6mkg in 3 divided doses
(15mg/5ml, 30mg/5ml)
 N-acetylcysteine
Adult: 600mg daily or 300mg twice daily
 BRONCHODILATORS
 MOA: Beta 2 receptor agonist, relaxes
bronchial smooth muscle
Salbutamol
Adult: 2mg/ tablet (TID)
Child:
 0.15-0.30 mkd every 8 hours (2mg/5ml)
 0.1 mkdose 1-2 puffs/inhalation every 6-8
hours or PRN

Adverse effects: Palpitations, Tremors

 DECONGESTANTS
Phenylephrine HCl + Chlorphenamine Maleate
 Indications:
 Allergic and vasomotor or other hyperactive nasal
disorders and acute coryza
 Relief of cough and upper respiratory symptoms
including nasal congestion associated with allergy or
common cold
 Preparations: 60 mL bottle
 7 – 12 years old: 5mL every 6 hours
 2 – 6 years old: 2.5 mL every 6 hours
Thank you