Group 7 Civil B Final

TRAFFIC EVALUATION AND
IMPROVEMENT OF
SULTHANPET JUNCTION
AT PALAKKAD TOWN
Presented by
Guided by
Krishnathulasi K.U(NSS15CE067)
Deepthy S. Nair
Lakshmi T.S(NSS15CE069)
Assistant Professor
Lakshmy T.Hiran(NSS15CE070)
NSSCE, Palakkad Pramitha B.(NSS15CE092)
Date: 13/06/2019
Traffic evaluation and improvement of Sulthanpet junction
 Introduction
 Methodology
 Case studies
 Traffic studies and analysis
 Improvement proposal
 Conclusion
 References
2
 Traffic congestion is one of the most challenging problems

faced in urban areas.
 Congestion adversely affects the development of the area and
may result in accidents.
 The conventional method to construct new road is a temporary
relief but it may encourage the growth of new vehicles and
forced occupancy.
 There is a need for suitable design
3
 To identify the traffic problems in Sulthanpet junction,

Palakkad.
 To implement improvement proposal.
4
 To know the present traffic condition at Sulthanpet junction by

conducting traffic volume study and Origin - Destination
study.
 To design a flyover as an improvement measure.
5
Case study
Reconnaissance survey
Data collection
Traffic studies
Data analysis
Problem identification
Design of flyover
6
CASE STUDY 1: Sustainable traffic improvement for

urban road intersection at Ettumanoor, Kottayam, Kerala
 The main objective was to study the traffic problems in the
Ettumanoor junction and to find improvement techniques.
 They conducted the following studies:
1. Traffic volume study
2. Pedestrian study
3. Accident study
7
 They proposed the following modifications:

1. Channelizing island
2. Pedestrian path improvement
3. Traffic signal modification
4. Turning radii improvement
5. Proper footpath
6. Proper road marking
7. No parking boards
8
 Rapid urbanization and industrialization of the city resulted in

increased vehicles and thereby congestion .
 It was necessary to find a solution to meet the demands.
 They conducted the following studies:
1. Traffic volume study
2. OD study
 In order to sustain the present and future population of
Vishakapatnam , the government of Andhra Pradesh
proposed Telugu Thalli flyover
9
Telugu Thalli flyover
10
1)Traffic volume study

 Traffic volume is a measure to quantify traffic flow.
 It is expressed as number of vehicles per hour or per day per lane.
 The study was conducted by counting the number of vehicles

passing through each road for 4 days, each at an interval of 15
minutes.
 The vehicle counts were converted into PCU by multiplying the
number of vehicles with its corresponding PCU factor.
11
DAY 1 DAY 2
450
450
400
400
350
350
PCU
300
300
PCU
250
250
College Road
College Road
200
200 GB Road
GB Road
150
150 Anjuvilak Road
Anjuvilak Road
100 Stadium Road
100 Stadium Road
50
50
0
0
7.00-7.15
8.00-8.15
9.00-9.15
1.00-1.15
2.00-2.15
3.00-3.15
4.00-4.15
5.00-5.15
6.00-6.15
10.00-10.15
11.00-11.15
12.00-12.15
7.00-7.15
8.00-8.15
9.00-9.15
1.00-1.15
2.00-2.15
3.00-3.15
4.00-4.15
5.00-5.15
6.00-6.15
10.00-10.15
11.00-11.15
12.00-12.15
Time in minutes Time in minutes
12
DAY 3 DAY 4
450 450
400 400
350 350
PCU
300 300
PCU
250 250
College Road College Road
200 200
GB Road GB Road
150 150
Anjuvilak Road Anjuvilak Road
100 100
Stadium Road Stadium Road
50
50
0
0
7.00-7.15
8.00-8.15
9.00-9.15
1.00-1.15
2.00-2.15
3.00-3.15
4.00-4.15
5.00-5.15
6.00-6.15
10.00-10.15
11.00-11.15
12.00-12.15
7.00-7.15
8.00-8.15
9.00-9.15
1.00-1.15
2.00-2.15
3.00-3.15
4.00-4.15
5.00-5.15
6.00-6.15
10.00-10.15
11.00-11.15
12.00-12.15
Time in minutes Time in minutes
13
 Traffic flow was studied by conducting a road side interview.

 The Sulthanpet junction comprises of 4 roads namely Stadium
road, Anjuvilakku road, College road and GB road.
 It was found that traffic flow was more in the College-
Anjuvilakku road.
 OD studies give information on the actual location or zone of
origin of travel of vehicles or individual passenger trips and
their destination. The study was done by conducting a road
side interview.
14
Traffic evaluation and improvement of sulthanpet junction
60
50
40
No. of vehicles
30
No. of vehicles
20
10
0
College - Stadium road College - Anjuvilakku road College - GB road
15
 From the traffic volume study it was clear that the capacity of
the existing junction was not enough to meet the traffic
demand.
 From the OD study it was found that the traffic flow was more
in the College-Anjuvilakku road.
 So it was concluded to design a flyover.
16
 Design of deck slab

 Design of cantilever portion
 Design of girder
 Design of bearing
 Design of pier
 Design of abutment
 Design of foundation
17
Clear road width 7.5m

Spacing of t beams 3.75m
Effective span of t beam 20m
No. And spacing of cross beams 5,4m
Grade of concrete M25
Grade of steel HYSD bar of Fe415
Thickness of t beam 300mm
Depth of main girder 1800mm
Depth of cross girder 1500mm
18
19
Thickness of slab 250mm

Thickness of wearing coat 80mm
Span in transverse direction 3.75m
Span in longitudinal direction 4m
Effective span in transverse direction 3.45m
Effective span in longitudinal direction 3.7m
20
• Weight of Deck slab
• Weight of Wearing coat
21
BM along shorter span =39.02kNm
BM along longer span=33.17kNm
22
WHEEL LOAD 1 WHEEL LOAD 2 WHEEL LOAD 3

shorter span= 19.76 kNm shorter span= -7.157 kNm
shorter span = -0.65 kNm
longer span = 19.76 kNm
longer span = 0.2045 kNm longer span= -7.66 kNm
23
Cont…
WHEEL LOAD 4 WHEEL LOAD 5 WHEEL LOAD 6

shorter span= 4.22 kNm shorter span= -2.28 kNm shorter span= -7.157 kNm
longer span= -0.1 kNm longer span= -0.953 kNm longer span = -7.66 kNm
24
Axial load = 11.4 tonnes

B = 250 mm ; L = 500 mm
BM along shorter span= 11.089 kNm

BM along longer span= 10.802 kNm
25
 Maximum bending moment due to class AA wheeled

vehicle in shorter span
=-54.157kNm.
 Maximum bending moment due to class aa wheeled

vehicle in longer span
=-48.92kNm.
26
 Designed according to IRC 21-2000

 It is a two way slab
 Provide 12mm bars at 180mm c/c spacing as
longitudinal reinforcement
 Provide 12mm bars at 230mm c/c spacing as transverse
reinforcement
27
12mm dia bars at 230mm

c/c
12mm dia bars at 180mm c/c
28
Bending moment due to dead load
SERIAL DESCRIPTION LOAD(KN) LEVER MOMENT(KNM)

NO. ARM(M)
1 HAND RAILS 4.8 1.3 6.24
2 KERB 10.8 0.75 8.1
3 SLAB
RECTANGULAR 9 0.75 6.75
TRIANGULAR 1.8 0.5 0.9
TOTAL 26.4 21.99
29
 Factored moment=41.96kNm
 Provide 12mm dia bars at 230mm c/c (sp16 pg no.49)
 Provide 10mm dia bars at 250mm c/c as distribution
reinforcement (IRC 21-2000)
 Provide 2 legged 8mm bars at 85mm c/c as shear
reinforcement
30
31
1.DESIGN OF INNER GIRDER
Effective span 20m

Slab thickness 250mm
Width of rib 300mm
Spacing of main beam 1.8m
32
Dead load calculation
S.No Description Weight(kN)

1 Wearing coat 6.07
2 Deck slab 20.7
3 T web 12.6
4 Fillet 1.8
5 Cross beam 7.452
Total 48.622
Bending moment due to dead load = 243.1kNm
33
Live load calculation
Transverse disposition of class a loading
34
 From ILD diagrams

 Total bending moment =3072.85kNm
 Provide 16 nos. Of 28mm dia bars
 Provide 4 legged 10mm dia bars at 280mm c/c as
minimum shear reinforcement
35
36
Effective span 20m

Slab thickness 300mm
Width of rib 300mm
Spacing of main beams 3450mm
Overall depth of beam 180mm
•Total bending moment due to dead load=7527.119kNm
•Provide 13 nos. Of 28mm dia bars
•Provide 4 legged 10mm dia bars at 280mm c/c as minimum

Shear reinforcement
37
38
Spacing of cross beam 4m

Effective span 3.45m
•Bending moment =276.5kNm

•Provide 3 nos. Of 22mm dia bars
•Provide 2 legged 8mm dia bars at 280mm c/c as shear reinforcement
39
Elastomeric pad bearing

40
Description Values
Maximum dead load reaction per bearing 340 kN
Maximum live load reaction per bearing 120 kN
Longitudinal force due to friction per bearing 30 kN
Effective span of girder 20 m
Estimated rotation at bearing of girder due to dead and 0.04 radians

live loads
Concrete for t beam and bed block M25
Total estimated shear strain due to creep, shrinkage 60000

and temperature
41
Description Values
Dimensions of elastomeric pad bearing 200 mm x 320 mm
Total thickness of bearing 33 mm
No of internal elastomeric layers 2
Thickness of internal elastomeric layers 8 mm
No & thickness of steel laminates 3 , 3 mm
Bottom and top covers 4 mm
42
43
44
45
Height 8m
Length 12.5m
Top width 3m
Bottom width 3.2m
Horizontal forces(h) 190.08 kN
Vertical forces(v) 925.043 kN
46
1. CHECK FOR STRESSES

 Compressive stress = 288.91kN/m² (less than 1500kN/m²)
 Tensile stress = 289.23kN/m²(less than 300kN/m²)
2. CHECK AGAINST SLIDING
 Factor of safety = µv/H=2.43>2
 Hence safe
3. CHECK AGAINST OVERTURNING
 Overturning moment Mo = 507.5kNm
 Resisting moment MR = 1793.722kNm
 Factor of safety = MR / Mo=3.53>2
 Hence safe
47
Bore log data

48
Pile foundation
49
Size of pile 300mm x 300mm

Grade of concrete M40
Grade of steel Fe415
Load from superstructure to pile 5070 kN
Hard strata available 9.1m
Length of pile above ground level 0.6 m
Total length of pile 9.7 m
50
 Load carrying capacity of pile

Adopt 8 bars of 16mm dia with the clear cover of 40 mm.
 Lateral reinforcement
Provide 8 mm dia ties at 150mm in the body of the pile.
 Lateral reinforcement near pile head
Provide 8 mm dia spirals at a pitch of 50mm for a length of
540mm at the top of the pile.
 Lateral reinforcement near pile ends
Provide 8 mm dia ties at 80 mm centers for a length of 540
mm from the ends of the pile both at top and bottom.
51
52
 Adopt 25 mm dia bars at 140 mm c/c.
 Adopt 12 mm dia bars at 180mm c/c as distribution steel.
 Adopt 10 mm dia bars at 120mm c/c as shear reinforcement.
53
54
 The study’s aim was to find the traffic condition of Sulthanpet

junction at Palakkad town
 Traffic engineering studies were conducted and data collected
were analyzed.
 After the identification of problems, a flyover was designed as
an improvement measure
55
 1. Johnson D Victor, “Essentials of Bridge Engineering” 6th edition,

Oxford &IBH Publications, New Delhi, 2009
 2. Krishna Raju. N, “Design of bridge”, 3rd edition Oxford &IBH
Publications, New Delhi, 2004
 3. Punmia B.C,” RCC Design “, 10nth edition, Laxmi Publications,
New Delhi, 2006
 4. IS 456 – 2000, Code of practices plain and reinforced concrete,
Bureau of Indian Standard, New Delhi, 2000
 5. SP: 16 – 1978 Design Aids For IS 456
 6.IRC 6 – 2000 (Section 2 ) Standard Specifications and code of
practice for road bridge, Indian Road Congress ,New Delhi, 2000
56
 7.IRC 6 – 2000 (Section 2 ) Standard Specifications and code of

practice for road bridge, Indian Road Congress ,New Delhi, 2000
 8. IRC 21- 2000(Section 3) Standard Specifications and code of
practice for road bridge section, Indian Road Congress, New Delhi,
2000
 9. IRC 83 – 1987 (Section 2) Standard specification for elastomeric
bearings
 K. Srinivas, B. Brahmaiah, N. Anil Chand, Pawan Kalyan , “Case
study on Telugu Thalli flyover Vishakapatnam”, International
Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation Vol. 5, issue 4, pg
2321-2705, 2018
 10. Ankush Kumar ,Dr.R.R.Singh,“Traffic Congestion and Possible
Solutions in Urban Transportation system,” International Journal of
Advance Research in Science and Engineering Vol. 6, issue 7, 2017
57
58

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TRAFFIC EVALUATION AND

 Traffic congestion is one of the most challenging problems

 To identify the traffic problems in Sulthanpet junction,

 To know the present traffic condition at Sulthanpet junction by

CASE STUDY 1: Sustainable traffic improvement for

 They proposed the following modifications:

 Rapid urbanization and industrialization of the city resulted in

Telugu Thalli flyover

1)Traffic volume study

 It is expressed as number of vehicles per hour or per day per lane.

 The study was conducted by counting the number of vehicles

Time in minutes Time in minutes

 Traffic flow was studied by conducting a road side interview.

 Design of deck slab

Clear road width 7.5m

Thickness of slab 250mm

• Weight of Deck slab

• Weight of Wearing coat

BM along shorter span =39.02kNm

BM along longer span=33.17kNm

WHEEL LOAD 1 WHEEL LOAD 2 WHEEL LOAD 3

WHEEL LOAD 4 WHEEL LOAD 5 WHEEL LOAD 6

Axial load = 11.4 tonnes

BM along shorter span= 11.089 kNm

 Maximum bending moment due to class AA wheeled

 Maximum bending moment due to class aa wheeled

 Designed according to IRC 21-2000

12mm dia bars at 230mm

12mm dia bars at 180mm c/c

Bending moment due to dead load

SERIAL DESCRIPTION LOAD(KN) LEVER MOMENT(KNM)

TOTAL 26.4 21.99

1.DESIGN OF INNER GIRDER

Effective span 20m

Dead load calculation

S.No Description Weight(kN)

Bending moment due to dead load = 243.1kNm

Live load calculation

Transverse disposition of class a loading

 From ILD diagrams

Effective span 20m

•Total bending moment due to dead load=7527.119kNm

•Provide 13 nos. Of 28mm dia bars

•Provide 4 legged 10mm dia bars at 280mm c/c as minimum

Spacing of cross beam 4m

•Bending moment =276.5kNm

Elastomeric pad bearing

Maximum live load reaction per bearing 120 kN

Longitudinal force due to friction per bearing 30 kN

Effective span of girder 20 m

Estimated rotation at bearing of girder due to dead and 0.04 radians

Total estimated shear strain due to creep, shrinkage 60000

Dimensions of elastomeric pad bearing 200 mm x 320 mm

Total thickness of bearing 33 mm

No of internal elastomeric layers 2

Thickness of internal elastomeric layers 8 mm

No & thickness of steel laminates 3 , 3 mm

Bottom and top covers 4 mm

1. CHECK FOR STRESSES

Bore log data

Size of pile 300mm x 300mm

 Load carrying capacity of pile

 Adopt 25 mm dia bars at 140 mm c/c.