Good Morning!

Suppose you have two

glasses half-filled with
water and one
teaspoon each of sand
and salt.
What will happen if you
add the sand and salt
separately in each of
the glass with water?
 Learning Objectives

Explain the effect of temperature on

the solubility of a solid and a gas;
and
Explain the effect of pressure on the
solubility of a gas
Can you define
solubility?
Solubility
The maximum amount of solute that can
be dissolved in a given quantity of
solvent at a particular temperature.
Expressed as g of solute / 100 g of H20
The rate of dissolution is affected by
several factors: particle size, stirring,
and application of heat.
Saturated Solution
A solution that contains the maximum
amount of solute it can dissolve at a given
temperature.

Unsaturated Solution
Any solution that contains less solute than
a saturated solution.
Supersaturated Solution
A solution that contains a greater amount
of solute than a saturated solution.

Seeding
The process of inducing crystallization to
occur by adding a crystal to a
supersaturated solution.
Questions
What other factors affect the solubility of
solids and gases?
Can temperature affect solubility? How
about pressure?
Can you cite instances or situations you
have experienced that would support
these claims?
 Picture

Where does sugar dissolve better, in hot

or cold water?
 Picture

Does temperature have an effect on how

quickly dissolved gas escapes from a
soda?
Guide Questions:
Where does sugar dissolve better, in hot or cold water?
Does temperature affect the solubility of sugar? How do
you know?
Does temperature have an effect on how quickly
dissolved gas escapes a soda/cola drink?
Can you tell if there is a difference in the amount of gas
escaping from each sample of soda? What did you
observe that made you think so?
Based on your observation in the second picture, why do
you think people store soda or soft drinks in
refrigerators?
There is a small amount of sugar
left at the bottom of the glass with
the hot water. There is
significantly more sugar in the
bottom of the glass with cold
water.

Temperature affects solubility of

sugar. The higher the
temperature, the more sugar is
dissolved.
The way gas escapes in the form of
bubbles from soda is affected by
temperature.

More bubbles form and rise to the

surface in the soda placed in hot water
than in cold water. Dissolved gas comes
out of solution faster in warm water than
cold water.

People store soft drinks in refrigerators

to prevent gas (CO2), which gives the
drink its biting taste, from easily
escaping the solution.
Effect of Temperature on
Solubility

Temperature changes have a direct

effect on solubility of solids and
gases
Solids
For most solids like sugar and salt, an increase in
temperature means an increase in solubility.

Everyday experiences like the one observed in the first

demonstration activity may lead one to think that
solubility always increases with temperature.

The dissolving of a solid occurs more quickly at higher

temperature, but the amount of solid that can be
dissolved may increase or decrease with increased
temperature.
Gases
Gases behave quite differently from solids. It is typical
for gases dissolved in aqueous solutions at ordinary
pressures to exhibit decreasing solubility with
increasing temperature.

For gases, an increase in temperature results in

increased kinetic energies of gas particles dissolved in
liquids. This increased motion enables the dissolved
gas to break intermolecular forces with the solvent,
and escape the solution.
Gases
Thus, a warm bottle of carbonated drink/soft
drink does not taste as good as a cold one,
because there is less CO2 dissolved in the
warm bottle.
Even newly-boiled water tastes flat because
there is less oxygen gas dissolved in it.!
What will happen if you open a
closed canned soft drink?
 Effect of Pressure on Solubility

Pressure has a significant effect on solubility only for

gases in a liquid system, but negligible effects on the
solubility of solids in liquids.

When pressure is applied to a gas above the solvent

like water, the gas will move into the solvent and
occupy some of the spaces between the particles of
the solvent.
Bubbles will come out from the opened can. The
bubbles carry with them the gases stored in the
liquid soft drink solution.!
When a can of carbonated soft drink
is opened, the pressure in the soft
drink is lowered, hence the gas
starts to leave the solution
immediately.

This is manifested by the release of

stored CO2 through fizzing, which
could be seen on the surface of the
liquid.

Once this gas is released, the

beverage becomes flat due to the
loss of CO2.!
If there is a lot of gas on the space above the solvent
(the more gas, the higher the pressure of the gas),
then there would be more gas particles colliding with
the surface of the liquid.
The more collisions with the solvent, the greater the
possibility of dissolving. Hence, solubility of gas
increases with increased pressure over the liquid.

The mathematical relationship that describes this is

Henry’s Law, that states that at a given temperature,
the solubility of a gas in a liquid is proportional to the
partial pressure of the gas above the liquid.
Application

CJ is trying to increase the solubility of

salt in some water. He begins to
anxiously stir the mixture. Should he
continue stirring? Why?
Application
Danielle has always wanted to start her own
carbonated company. Just recently she opened
her bottling company to produce her drinks.
She wants her product to “out-fizz” all other
competitors. She wants to maximize the
solubility of the gas in her drink. What
conditions would best allow her to achieve her
goal to put her company on top?
Summary on the effect of temperature and
pressure on solubility of solids and gases.
Factors Affecting Solid in a Liquid Gas in a Liquid
Solubility
As pressure
Pressure No effect increases,
solubility increases

As temperature
increases, solubility As temperature
Temperature increases increases,
(endothermic) and solubility
solubility decreases decreases
(exothermic)
Evaluation (1/4 SOP)

Explain the effect of the solubility of

the substance in terms of:
a) temperature
b) pressure
Assignment (1/2 sheet of paper)
One manufacturer’s instruction for setting up
an aquarium specified that if boiled water is
used, the water must be cooled to room
temperature and allowed to stand overnight
before fish are added. Why is it necessary for
the water to stand for such period of time?
Thank you for listening!