Acids and Bases

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 INTRO QUESTION: (3 min)

 Work on conceptual statements for quiz

End
 Acid vs. base flowchart
CHARACTERISTIC ACID BASE

CONDUCTIVITY

pH

TASTE

FORMULA/NAME OF
ION PRODUCED

CORROSIVE/CAUSTIC?
 INTRO QUESTION: (3 min)

 Identify as an ACID or BASE

H2SO4 Ca(OH)2 LiOH HCl

End
Acid vs. Base
• Arhenius Acid (table K)- substance that produces H+
ions. This is usually written as hydronium (H3O+)

HCl H2O
H+(aq) + Cl-(aq)

• Arhenius Base (table L) - substance that produces

hydroxide OH- ions

H2O
NaOH Na+(aq) + OH-(aq)

(aq) of an acid or base is an electrolyte

 INTRO QUESTION: (3 min)

 Explain in terms of ions why H2SO4 is acidic as

it dissociates (dissolves) in water.

End
 pH
pH scale- measures Hydronium ion concentration (H+
or H3O+).

OH-

H + or (H3O+)
1 Acidic 7 Basic 14
Neutral
pH concentration change
• On the pH scale, each decrease of one unit of pH
(more acidic) represents a tenfold increase in
hydronium ion concentration.
 pH concentration change
• What is the resulting pH, when a substance with a pH
of 9 increases hydronium ion concentration by a factor
of 1,000
 INTRO QUESTION: (3 min)
 An aqueous solution has a pH of 13.

 Compare the hydronium and hydroxide

concentration.
 Describe
the change in hydronium ion
concentration if the pH changes to 10
End
pH indicators
• Use REFERENCE TABLE M!
• Color changes indicate pH range of a substance
• WITHIN the pH range is inconclusive and would not
give a color change. FOR EXAMPLE:

• Litmus: pH of 4.5 and below Is red. 8.3 and above is

blue
• EXAMPLE: a solution was yellow in bromthyol
blue and blue in bromcresol green, what could
be the pH range of this solution? is this acidic or
basic?
 INTRO QUESTION: (3 min)

 Determine the pH range of an aqueous

solution if thymol blue was yellow when
tested, and bromthyol blue was blue

End
 pH indicators Lab 45 min
• Obtain lab, lab folder and goggles
• GOGGLES WORN AT ALL TIMES
• Follow procedure carefully, READ DIRECTIONS FOR
HOW TO FILL IN DATA TABLE.

• (when finished) bring well plate to back fume hood.

Neatly place remaining materials to middle of table
• Answer all post lab questions
 INTRO QUESTION: (3 min)

 Who am I quiz

End
Neutralization –type of reaction with an acid and base.
Products are pH 7!!!!

Acid + Base  Water + Salt

Determine Products of the following:

HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) 

Ca(OH)2(aq) + H2SO4(aq) 
Determine the products of the
following neutralization reactions
• Al(OH)3 + 3 HCl 

• 3 Ca(OH)2 + 2 H3PO4 
 INTRO QUESTION: (3 min)
JEDI APPRENTICE: What are the products of a
neutralization reaction between an acid and a base?

JEDI KNIGHT (ALMOST): write a complete, balanced

chemical equation of a neutralization reaction between
Barium hydroxide and nitric acid.

End
Titration
• Titration- Calculating a concentration with a neutralization
reaction. EQUATION IN REFERENCE TABLE T!!

• 1.) A burrette has a known concentration of an acid or a base.

• 2.) slowly drip into an unknown concentration of a certain
volume of base or acid.
• A pH indicator will reveal a color change =NEUTRALIZATION.
• The burrette tells us how much acid or base was used.
 Titration
• EXAMPLE: What is the concentration of an HCl
solution if 50.0mL of a .250M KOH solution is used to
titrate 20.0mL of the HCl.
Titration lab 90 min
• LAB, LAB FOLDER, GOGGLES
• MIDDLE AND BACK TABLES complete PART 1
- read/annotate intro reading
- read through procedure CAREFULLY at least twice
- bring all materials to back fume hood when finished
BE VERY CAREFUL WITH BURETTES

• FRONT TABLE work on PART 2 – example

problems
 Example #2
• Which volume of 2.0M NaOH is needed to completley
neutralize 24 milliliters of 1.0M HCl (aq)
 INTRO QUESTION: (3 min)
 Calculatethe molarity of potassium hydroxide
if 45ml was used to neutralize 65ml of a 3.5M
solution of sulfuric acid

End
Titration lab (DAY 2) 90 min
• LAB, LAB FOLDER, GOGGLES
• Front table complete PART 1 (lab groups)
- read/annotate intro reading
- read through procedure CAREFULLY at least twice
- bring all materials to back fume hood when finished
BE VERY CAREFUL WITH BURETTES

MIDDLE and BACK work on PART 2 – example

problems (lab groups)
 Alternate acid and base theory
Alternate acid and base theory

• Acid- reactant is an H+ Donor

• Base –reactant is an H+ acceptor

• Look at the “conjugate” in the products

• HNO3 + H2O NO3- + H3O+

Identify the acid and base in the reactants using the
ALTERNATE acid/base theory

• H3PO4 + H2O H3O+ + H2PO4-

 INTRO QUESTION: (3 min)
 Identifythe acid and base in the reactants
using alternative acid/base theory

End
 INTRO QUESTION (quiz review): (3 min)
 A student is testing indicators to determine when a
acid base reaction is neutralized. Bromthyol blue
turned blue when used. Phenolpthalein was
colorless when used.
- -State a possible pH value based on the pH range of
the indicators

- -State the chemical formula of a substance that could

be used to neutralize this solution

 -Compare the mols of hydronium ions to the mols of

hydroxide when the solution is neutralized.
End
 Acids and bases quiz review
• Extended intro
• Finish lab (10 min)
• Review practice. All review was posted on pupilpath
• Spring break practice is a great way to review for ¾
final
Annotation marks

ANNOTATION MARKS FOR READING

• Directions:
• Good readers do not just run their eyes over the words; they interact with the
material, usually through writing. As you read this selection, do the following:
• Put a check beside the information you understand
• * Put an asterisk next to things you believe are important
• ? Put a question mark next to things you do not understand
• O Circle key vocabulary words
• _ Underline main ideas
•
• Once you finish the reading, look back at the places you put question marks and
ask, what don’t I understand? See if there’s a way to help yourself by looking up
words, reviewing earlier material, or asking another person for help.
•
• Finally, don’t be embarrassed to talk aloud to yourself when studying. Orally
review the material alone or with a partner. If you can sum up what you read,
chances are you understand it pretty well.
•