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The document summarizes several common ECG abnormalities in 3 sentences or less each:
1. Sinus bradycardia and tachycardia are regular rhythms with normal P waves and PR intervals, and rates below or above 60/100 bpm respectively.
2. First- and second-degree AV blocks involve regular or irregular rhythms with normal or prolonged PR intervals and some non-conducted P waves.
3. Ventricular arrhythmias like PVC, VT and VF show no P waves, wide QRS, and rapid irregular rhythms without discernible waves in VF.
The document summarizes several common ECG abnormalities in 3 sentences or less each:
1. Sinus bradycardia and tachycardia are regular rhythms with normal P waves and PR intervals, and rates below or above 60/100 bpm respectively.
2. First- and second-degree AV blocks involve regular or irregular rhythms with normal or prolonged PR intervals and some non-conducted P waves.
3. Ventricular arrhythmias like PVC, VT and VF show no P waves, wide QRS, and rapid irregular rhythms without discernible waves in VF.
The document summarizes several common ECG abnormalities in 3 sentences or less each:
1. Sinus bradycardia and tachycardia are regular rhythms with normal P waves and PR intervals, and rates below or above 60/100 bpm respectively.
2. First- and second-degree AV blocks involve regular or irregular rhythms with normal or prolonged PR intervals and some non-conducted P waves.
3. Ventricular arrhythmias like PVC, VT and VF show no P waves, wide QRS, and rapid irregular rhythms without discernible waves in VF.
Sinus Bradycardia Rate : Less than 60 beats per minute Rhythm: Regular P waves : normal PR interval : normal Sinus Tachycardia Rate : More than 100 beats per minute Rhythm: Regular P waves : normal PR interval : normal Atriovenrticular (AV) block 1st degree Rhythm: Atrial and ventricular regular P waves : Normal in size and shape PR interval : Prolonged (greater than 0.20 second) but constant AV block 2nd degree • Type I (Wenckebach) / Mobitz I Rhythm: Atrial regular (P’s plot through), Ventricular irregular. P waves : Normal in size and shape. Some P waves are not followed by a QRS complex (more P’s than QRS’s). PR interval : Lengthens with each cycle (although lengthening may be very slight), until a P wave appears without a QRS complex AV block 2nd degree • Type II / Mobitz II Rate: Atrial rate is greater than the ventricular rate. Ventricular rate is often slow. Rhythm: Atrial regular (P’s plot through) Ventricular irregular. P waves : Normal in size and shape. Some P waves are not followed by a QRS complex (more P’s than QRS’s). PR interval : Within normal limits or prolonged but always constant for the conducted beats. AV block 3 degree / Total AV block rd
Rate : Atrial rate is greater than the ventricular rate.
Rhythm : Atrial regular (P’s plot through). Ventricular regular. There is no relationship between the atrial and ventricular rhythm. P wave : Normal in size and shape. PR inteval : None – the atria and ventricles beat independently of each other, thus there is no true PR interval. Right Bundle Branch Block (RBBB) • Characteristics : rSR’ di V1/V2 dan qRS di V5/V6 • QRS : > 0,12 s (complete) ; 0.10-0.12 (incomplete) Left Bundle Branch Block (LBBB) • Characteristics : Deep and broad S wave di V1/V2 , Broad & clumsy di V5/V6 • QRS : > 0,12 s (complete) ; 0.10-0.12 (incomplete) Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) • Rhythm : Regular • Rate : 150-220 bpm • P wave : Difficult to determine, maybe hidden • PR interval : Normal or shortened • QRS complex : Normal Atrial Fibrilation • Rhythm : Irregular • Rate : Rapid ventricular response, Normal ventricular response, Slow ventricular response • P wave : Fibrillatory (fine to course) • PR interval : not available Atrial Flutter • Rhythm : Regular or variable • Rate : atrial rate 220 – 430 bpm • P wave : sawtoothed appearance • PR interval : not available Left Ventricular hypertrophy • Sokolow-Lyon S di V1 + R di V5 atau V6 > 35 mm • Cornell voltage S di V3 + R di aVL > 28 mm (pria) , 20 mm (wanita) R di lead I + S di lead III > 25 mm R di aVL > 11 mm • Romhilt-Estes ? Right Ventricular hypertrophy • R wave > S wave di V1 atau R di V1 > 7 mm • Right axis deviation • Deep S di V5 dan V6 Left atrial enlargement (LAE) • P mitrale • QRS durasi > 0.08 s • P negative terminale force di V1 Right atrial enlargement (RAE) • P pulmonale • Tinggi P > 2.5 mm ECG pada acute coronary syndrome • ST elevasi ECG pada acute coronary syndrome
• ST depresi Supra Ventricular extra systole (SVES) / Premature atrial complex (PAC)
• QRS : wide and bizarre Ventricular tachycardia (VT) • Rate : 120-250 bpm • P waves : No p waves kecuali pada AV disosiasi • QRS : ≥ 0.12 s Ventricular fibrilation (VF) Rate : Cannot be determined since there are no discernible waves or complexes to measure Rhythm: Rapid and chaotic with no pattern or regularity ECG in hyperkalemia Wolf-Parkinson-White (WPW) • Short PR interval ( < 0.12 s) • Delta wave • QRS duration > 0.12 s Torsade de pointes • Cause : • Long QT syndrome • Hypomagnesemia • Drug : quinidine, erhytromycine • Myocardial infarction Terima kasih..