POWER ELECTRONICS

Devices, Circuits, and Applications

FOURTH EDITION

CHAPTER 1
Introduction

Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
 Learning Outcomes After completing this chapter, students should be able to do the
following:
Describe what is power electronics.
List the applications of power electronics.
Describe the evolution of power electronics.
List the major types of power converters.
List the major parts of power electronic equipment.
List the ideal characteristics of power switching devices.
List the characteristics and specifications of practical power switching devices.
List the types of power semiconductor devices.
Describe the control characteristics of power semiconductor devices.
List the types of power modules and the elements of intelligent modules.

Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
 Symbols and Their Meanings

Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
Figure 1.1 Relationship of power electronics to power, electronics, and control.

Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
Figure 1.2 History of power electronics. (Courtesy of Tennessee Center for Research and Development, a University of Tennessee
Affiliated Center.)

Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
Figure 1.3 Single-phase diode rectifier circuit.

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Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
Figure 1.4 Dc–dc converter.

Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
Figure 1.5 Single-phase dc–ac converter.

Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
Figure 1.6 Single-phase ac–dc converter.

Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
Figure 1.7 Single-phase ac–ac converter.

Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
Figure 1.8 Block diagram of an uninterruptible power supply (UPS).

Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
 Table 1.2 Conversion Types and Symbols

Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
 Table 1.2 (continued) Conversion Types and Symbols

Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
Figure 1.9 Equivalent dance-floor model of the energy harvesting. Source: Ref 10.

Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
Equations 1.1 and 1.2 Root-Mean-Square Values of Waveforms

• The rms value of a waveform i(t) can be

calculated as

• The rms value of the waveform can be

calculated from

Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
Figure 1.10 The rms values of commonly encountered waveforms.

Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
Figure 1.11 Generalized power converter system.

Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
Figure 1.12 The block diagram of a typical power electronic converter. Source: Ref. 9.

Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
Figure 1.13 Typical waveforms of device voltages and currents.

Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
Equations 1.3 and 1.4 Characteristics of Practical Devices

• The average conduction power loss

PON is given by

• The resultant switching power loss

PSW during the turn-on and turn-off
periods is given by

Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
Equations 1.5 and 1.6 Characteristics of Practical Devices

• The power dissipation of a switching

device is given by:

• The switching period Ts and

frequency fs are given by

Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
Figure 1.14 Classification of the power semiconductors. [Ref. 2, S. Bernet]

Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
Figure 1.15 Power ranges of commercially available power semiconductors. [Ref. 2, S. Bernet]

Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
 Table 1.3 Ratings of Power Semiconductor Devices

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Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
 Table 1.3 (continued) Ratings of Power Semiconductor Devices

Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
 Table 1.4 Characteristics and Symbols of Some Power Devices

Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
 Table 1.4 (continued) Characteristics and Symbols of Some
Power Devices

Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
 Table 1.4 (continued) Characteristics and Symbols of Some
Power Devices

Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
Figure 1.16 Applications of power devices. (Courtesy of Powerex, Inc.)

Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
Figure 1.17 Control characteristics of power switching devices.

Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
 Table 1.5 Switching Characteristics of Power Semiconductors

Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
 Table 1.5 (continued) Switching Characteristics of Power
Semiconductors

Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
 Table 1.6 Device Choices for Different Power Levels

Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
Figure 1.18 Functional block diagram of a smart power. [Ref. 5, J. Baliga]

Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.