 Aim: To implement traffic signal lights using D flip-flop.

Abstract:
• This project is about design and implemention of a circuit for traffic lights using D
flip-flop.
• The function of traffic lights is to provide sophisticated control and coordination
to ensure that traffic moves as smoothly and safely as possible.
• Traffic lights alternate the right of way accorded to users by displaying lights of a
standard colour (red, amber (yellow), and green) following a universal colour
code.
Apparatus required:
• Power supply
• Bread board-1
• Connecting wires
• ICNE555-1
• IC7474-1
• IC7408-1
• Capacitors 0.1 micro faraday-1
100 micro faraday-1
• Resistors 1k-ohms-1
10k-ohms-1
330-ohms-4
• Led’s-4
 Circuit diagram
Pin diagram

Calculation:
For R1=1kohms,R2=10kohms
And C1=100micro Faradays
Frequency =1.44/(R1+2R2)C
=1.44/(1000+2*10000)*0.00001
=0.685hz.
Pin diagram
Pin Diagram
Circuit diagram

Red

Yellow

Green
 Operation table

Cloc D1 Q1 Q1’ D2 Q2 Q2’ Red Yellow Green

k
1st 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0
2nd 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0
3rd 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1
4th 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0
5th 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0
6th 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0
7th 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1
8th 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0
9th 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0
 Working :
• The Green light allows traffic to proceed in the direction denoted, if it is
safe to do so and there is room on the other side of the intersection.
• The Amber (yellow) light warns that the signal is about to change to red. In
a number of countries – among them the United Kingdom – a phase during
which red and yellow are displayed together indicates that the signal is
about to change to green. Actions required by drivers on a yellow light
vary, with some jurisdictions requiring drivers to stop if it is safe to do so,
and others allowing drivers to go through the intersection if safe to do so.
• A flashing amber indication is a warning signal. In the United Kingdom, a
flashing amber light is used only at pelican crossings, in place of the
combined red–amber signal, and indicates that drivers may pass if no
pedestrians are on the crossing.
• The Red signal prohibits any traffic from proceeding.
• A flashing red indication is treated as a stop sign.
 Result:

• Hence traffic signal lights have been designed and

implemented using D Flip-flop (IC7474) .