GPD Advanced Network Development Centre

TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION

Motorola Confidential Proprietary Introduction 1

GPD Advanced Network Development Centre

SCENARIO
Network Capacity Network Capacity

Subscribers Subscribers

•Spectrum Constraints •Allocate More Spectrum

•“Site” Constraints •Increase Spectral Efficiency
•Smaller Cells
•More Aggressive Reuse

FH

Motorola Confidential Proprietary Introduction 2

 GPD Advanced Network Development Centre

FREQUENCY HOPPING CONCEPT

• Each burst is transmitted on a different frequency
• Both mobile and base station follow the same hopping
sequence
Frame 0 Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3
Frequency A
The MS/BTS changes
the frequency from Frequency B
burst to burst
Frequency C

Frequency D

4,615
millisec. (1 Frame = 8*577 microsec.)

Motorola Confidential Proprietary Introduction 3

GPD Advanced Network Development Centre

FREQUENCY DIVERSITY
Non Hopping

Freq. f1

Freq. f1
Hopping

Corrupted Bursts Freq. f2

Motorola Confidential Proprietary Introduction 4
GPD Advanced Network Development Centre

INTERFERENCE AVERAGING
f1 f1 f1 f1 f1 f1 f1 f1 f1 f1 f1 f1 f1 f1 f1 f1 f1 f1 f1 f1 f1 f1 f1 f1 f1 f1 f1

Wanted Call (f1 fixed)

f1 f1 f1 f1 f1 f1 f1 f1 f1 f1 f1 f1 f1 f1 f1 f1 f1 f1 f1
Non Hopping
Interfering Call (f1 fixed)

Corrupted Bursts because of Interference

f1 f3 f1 f2 f3 f1 f2 f1 f3 f1 f2 f3 f2 f1 f2 f1 f3 f2 f3 f1 f2 f1 f3 f1 f3 f2 f1

Wanted Call (Hopping over f1, f2, f3)

f3 f2 f1 f3 f1 f3 f2 f3 f1 f2 f1 f3 f1 f2 f3 f1 f2 f1 f3 f2 f1 f3 f1 f2 f1 f2 f3

Hopping Interfering Call (Hopping over f1, f2, f3)

Corrupted Bursts because of Interference

Motorola Confidential Proprietary Introduction 5

 GPD Advanced Network Development Centre

BER & FER

BER FER
Decoding &
Deinterleaving

• Frame Erasure Rate (FER) is the Right Measure of the

Voice Quality
Motorola Confidential Proprietary Introduction 6
GPD Advanced Network Development Centre

QUALITY IMPROVEMENT
• Decoding and deinterleaving processes are able to cope with
a higher BER
• Higher RxQual is Tolerated With F. H. Without Impacting
the Quality (Lower FER).

RxQual = 5,6,7 RxQual = 6,7

NON HOPPING HOPPING

RxQual = 0,1,2,3,4 RxQual = 0,1,2,3,4,5

Motorola Confidential Proprietary Introduction 7

 GPD Advanced Network Development Centre

QUALITY-CAPACITY TRADE-OFF
Q C

U A
Q C
OR OR
Q C A C Q P
U A
U A A U
A P
A P P A

NON HOPPING HOPPING SYSTEM HOPPING SYSTEM HOPPING SYSTEM

SYSTEM

"For the same capacity FH improves the quality, and

for a given average quality FH makes possible
increase the capacity".

Motorola Confidential Proprietary Introduction 8

GPD Advanced Network Development Centre

FREQUENCY HOPPING CONSTRAINTS

Cell Resources
0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1
2 (ccch) 2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7 7
Cell A Cell A Cell A Cell A Cell A Cell A
BCCH Carrier 1 Carrier 2 Carrier 3 Carrier 4 Carrier 5

Fixed Timeslot (Can not hop)

Motorola Confidential Proprietary Introduction 9

 GPD Advanced Network Development Centre

FREQUENCY HOPPING IMPLEMENTATION

• Base Band Hopping (BBH)
– The TCUs transmit always the same frequency
– Number of frequencies for hopping = Number of carriers
• Synthesiser Frequency Hopping (SFH)
– The TCUs change (retune) the frequency every burst
– Number of frequencies for hopping > Number of carriers
– TCUs can hop over a range of 64 different frequencies

Motorola Confidential Proprietary Introduction 10

GPD Advanced Network Development Centre

FH: MOBILE ACTIVITY

Same activity for BBH and SFH

Motorola Confidential Proprietary Introduction 11
GPD Advanced Network Development Centre

BASE BAND HOPPING (1)

f1
f1 f2
f2 f3
f3 f4
f4

4 Carriers minimum to be effective

Motorola Confidential Proprietary Introduction 12

GPD Advanced Network Development Centre

BASE BAND HOPPING (2)

• The TCUs always transmit a fixed frequency.
• The call ”hops" over the TCUs, maintaining the
same timeslot, on a per burst basis.
• In reception the call is always processed by the same
TCU (the one where the call started).
• The number of frequencies to hop over is limited by
the number of TCUs equipped in the cell.
• The BCCH carrier can hop in timeslots 1 to 7
(without power control/DTX).

Motorola Confidential Proprietary Introduction 13

GPD Advanced Network Development Centre

BASE BAND HOPPING (3)

Mobile A
Mobile B
Mobile C
Mobile D
Mobile E

Cyclic
Cyclic
BaseBand:
Base Band:
Pseudorandom
Pseudorandom
NNererHopping
HoppingFrequencies
Frequencies== NNerTCUs
er
TCUsin
inservice
service
Motorola Confidential Proprietary Introduction 14
 GPD Advanced Network Development Centre

BASE BAND HOPPING (4)

B
TRANSMISSION RECEPTION T T T C
C C C C
H H H H
BURST # Timeslot Frequency TCU/DRCU Timeslot Frequency TCU/DRCU
T T T T
1 5 f3 3 5 f3 3 C C C C
U U U U
2 5 f4 4 5 f4 3 / / / /
D D D D
3 5 f1 1 5 f1 3 R R R R
C C C C
U U U U
4 5 f2 2 5 f2 3
4 3 2 1
5 5 f3 3 5 f3 3

6 5 f4 4 5 f4 3
f4 f3 f2 f1
7 5 f1 1 5 f1 3

... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Cyclic

Call assigned to TCU 3 Timeslot 5 at the setup

Motorola Confidential Proprietary Introduction 15
GPD Advanced Network Development Centre

SYNTHESISER FREQUENCY HOPPING (1)

BCCH
BCCH f1...f8
f1...f8 f1...f8
f1...f8 f1...f8
f1...f8 f1...f8
f1...f8

Hopping over 8 frequencies

Motorola Confidential Proprietary Introduction 16

 GPD Advanced Network Development Centre

SYNTHESISER FREQUENCY HOPPING (2)

• The TCUs are able to retune to a new frequency each
burst.
• The call always stays in the same TCU.
• One TCU can hop up to over 64 different frequencies.
• Wide-band combining devices (hybrids) are required in
the base station (Cavity Combiners can not be used with
SFH).
• The BCCH frequency can be included in the hopping
sequence, but in practice, BCCH carrier never hops, and
carries traffic on timeslots 1 to 7.
Motorola Confidential Proprietary Introduction 17
GPD Advanced Network Development Centre

SYNTHESISER FREQUENCY HOPPING (3)

CARRIER A CARRIER A CARRIER A CARRIER A
FREQUENCY 1 FREQUENCY 2 FREQUENCY 3 FREQUENCY 4

FRAMES ON CARRIER A

NNererHopping
HoppingFrequencies
Frequencies>=
>= NNerHopping
er
HoppingCarriers
Carriers

Motorola Confidential Proprietary Introduction 18

 GPD Advanced Network Development Centre

FREQUENCY HOPPING THROUGH BCCH (1)

BBH

BCCH transmit always at maximum power

Power change

The hopping system assigned to Timeslot 0 of Non-BCCH carriers

can not include the BCCH frequency

Motorola Confidential Proprietary Introduction 19

 GPD Advanced Network Development Centre

FREQUENCY HOPPING THROUGH BCCH (2)

SFH SFH through BCCH SFH

BURST # BCCH TCU/DRCU TCH TCU/DRCU BCCH TCU/DRCU TCH TCU/DRCU

B
T C 1 - fb (BCCH Pow) fb f1
C C
H H
2 fb (DB) f1 fb f2
T T
C C 3 fb (DB) f2 fb f3
U U
/ / 4 fb (DB) f3 fb f4
D D
R R
5 fb (DB) f4 fb f1
C C
U U
6 - fb (BCCH Pow) fb f2
2 1
7 fb (DB) f1 fb f3

BCCH Frequency: fb ... ... ... ... ...

Hopping Freqs: f1,f2,f3,f4 BCCH carrier can not hop and if BCCH
frequency is used for hopping, the BCCH
Cyclic can not carry traffic
Motorola Confidential Proprietary Introduction 20
 GPD Advanced Network Development Centre

FREQUENCY HOPPING LIMITATIONS

• Only one hopping system can contain the BCCH frequency
• Timeslot 0 of BCCH carrier can not hop
• Any timeslot configured as CCCH can not hop
• The BCCH carrier can not hop with SFH
• If SFH uses the BCCH frequency, the BCCH carrier can
not carry traffic
• The BCCH carrier can hop with BBH
• With BBH, the hopping system assigned to timeslot 0 of
Non-BCCH carriers can not include the BCCH frequency
Motorola Confidential Proprietary Introduction 21
GPD Advanced Network Development Centre

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
• Same antenna • Different antennae
• Combined with cavities • Combined on the air
RX1 TX RX2 TX1/RX1 TX3 TX2/RX2

Max. Power (20W)

Max. Power (20W)
DUPLEXER DUPLEXER

CAVITY COMBINER
HYBRID HYBRID HYBRID

T T T T T T T T T T T T
C C C C C C C C C C C C
U U U U U U U U U U U U
/ / / / / / / / / / / /
D D D D D D D D D D D D
R R R R R R R R R R R R
C C C C C C C C C C C C
U U U U U U
U U U U U U

CAVITY COMBINING AIR COMBINING

Motorola Confidential Proprietary Introduction 22