Political Ideologies

Conservatism (the Right)

•-Derived from the term “Conservation”
•-Seeks to preserve all that is good about the
past
•-Gives Greater attention to social entities than
to individuals having the inclination to oppose
any change in political environment.
•“Commitment to traditional values and Ideas
with opposition to change or innovation”
Socialism
•-derived from the word social (to combine
or share)
•-an economic and political doctrine
advocating government ownership.
•-an ideology opposed to Capitalism (adheres
to social equality to attain social stability)
•-cooperation is preferred over the
competition
Different ways of understanding Socialism:

•Socialism is seen as an economic level

•Socialism is an instrument of the labor
movement
•Socialism as a political creed encompasses
community, cooperation, equality, class
politics and collective ownership
Social Democracy
• -favors a balance between market and State
rather than the abolition of capitalism.
• -it stresses welfare measures but not state
ownership.(welfare state that focus on the
improvement of living conditions such as,
medical insurance, generous pension, and
subsidized food and housing.)
• “peaceful evolutionary transition of society from
capitalism”
Communism

•-“extreme left-wing ideology” based on

the teaching of Karl Marx
•-economic, social and political system
seeking government ownership of the
means production and services directed
by the process of scientific
administration
Fascism
• -Benito Mussolini
• -Derived from the word fasces-meaning a bundle of rods
with an axe-blade protruding. (symbol of strength in unity)
• -Repressive social conditions rejecting Democracy
• -Repudiates constitutionalism
• -all values arises from the state against which the individual
has no rights.
• -Totalitarian omnipotent state. (reject equality and replaces
hierarchy to a supreme leader whose will is law)
Salient Features of Fascism:

•Totalitarian (centralized control)

•Nationalism (putting the state above all
other things)
•Anti-liberalism
•Militarism and Violence
•Leadership
Religious Fundamentalism
•-from the Latin word fundamental meaning
Base
•-associated with inflexibility, dogmatism
(expression of belief as facts),
authoritarianism or worst violence.
•-rejection of the distinction between politics
and religion
Theme of Religious Fundamentalism:

•Religion as politics
•Fundamental Impulse
•Anti-modernism
•Militancy (use of
confrontational/violent methods to
support a political cause)
Feminism

•-from latin word Femina meaning Women

•-concerned with gender equality in political
spheres of life
•-focus on the position of women in the
society
•“struggle to end sexist oppression”
Environmentalism
• -an ideology focusing on the idea that the
environment is endangered and must be
preserved through regulation and lifestyle
changes.
• -concern about the natural environment and
particularly about reducing environmental
degradation
QUIZ(Test I)
• 1. LIERALISMB _______________
• 2. FMEMINIS _______________
• 3. MMUCONISM _______________
• 4. CISOALISM _______________
• 5.ENNTVIROANMELISM _______________
QUIZ(Test II)
• 1. ________ is the struggle to end sexist oppression.
• 2. ________ is an Extreme Leftwing ideology based on the
revolutionary socialist teaching of Karl Marx.
• 3. ________ Concern about the natural environment and particularly
about reducing environmental degradation.
• 4. ________ viewed as an ideology which opposed capitalism.
• 5. ________ a belief that man is generally good and that his ability to
reason allows him to attain economic, political and social progress.