PROPERTIES OF A WELL

WRITTEN TEXT
A. ORGANIZATION
Organization refers to the
arrangement of ideas in the
text.
B. COHERENCE AND COHESION
Coherence occurs when ideas are connected at
the conceptual level. Coherence is achieved if ideas
or details in paragraph/s are logically arranged. The
presentation of the ideas should be clear and makes
sense to the readers.

Cohesion is the connection of ideas at sentence

level. To achieve cohesion in a text, the writer should
pay close attention to how words, phrases, and
sentences are linked within the paragraph.
Cohesion in writing can be achieved through the following devices:
1. Cohesive Nouns – are single words that name an idea presented in the preceding
sentence/s. These create a clear connection between the first and the succeeding
sentences.
Some families spend thousands of pesos during the holiday season. Their expenses
usually include food, gifts, and travels.
The father feels worried because his boss has not allowed his request for early
leave. He might not able to go home before Christmas Eve. He needs to find a way to
solve this predicament.

2. Pronoun Reference – is another way to achieve cohesive writing. Basically, pronouns are
used to replace nouns. The word or group of words that a pronoun replaces or refers to is
called antecedent. Cohesion is achieved if the relationship between the pronoun and its
antecedent is clear.
Kyle hopes that his mom will cook roast beef and baked macaroni for Noche
Buena. It will surely make his Christmas unforgettable.
Margaux will spend her Christmas break in the U.S. She feels excited because it’s
her first time to experience a white Christmas.
3. Conjunctions – Through the use of conjunctions – coordinators or
subordinators – writers are able to connect ideas logically.
Mother should start buying grocery items as early as September,
so she won’t have to suffer the hassles of the Christmas rush.
Christmas is the merriest time of the year because it is a season of
love and giving.

4. Transitional Devices – A writer can link one sentence to another

smoothly by using transitional devices.
 The following are the most
commonly used transitional words:
Sequence Addition Result Example Comparison

First Also As a result For example Similarly

Second In addition Consequently For instance Likewise
Next As well as Therefore As an example Comparatively
Lastly Besides Thus In this case In the same manner
Then Furthermore Hence As an illustration
Before Moreover So Like
After Aside from Such as
Subsequently Additionally

Restatement/
Contrast Condition Reason Conclusion
Rephrase

However If Because In summary In short

Yet Even if unless So that In other words Finally
But Otherwise Since In short To conclude
Nevertheless Due to In conclusion
Whereas
Even though
Although
On the contrary
In contrast
Alternatively
Conversely
C. APPROPRIATE LANGAUGE
Appropriate language use refers to the
acceptable style of language for a particular form of
text.
Examples:
She didn’t get the joke. (informal)
She did not understand the joke. (formal)
TASK 4
Direction: Give the formal terms of the following
words/phrases.
Contracted forms Abbreviated forms
can’t- romcom- w/c-
don’t- info- w/o-
ain’t- ads- dorm-
Two-Word Verbs
call off- pass out-
give back- pass away-
hand in- pick up-
look over- take off-
make up- take up-
Colloquial Expressions
Fire- kid- whacky-
how come- quote- boss-
gonna- wanna- good-
anyone- cute- bad-
yeah- nope- right-
let- nanny- wrong-
granny- dude- cheap-
movie- ma’am- bullet-
Idiomatic Expressions
down in the dumps- costs an arm and a leg-
sick as dog- Hold your horses-
under the weather- a piece of cake-
till the cows come home- It’s Greek to me-
raining cats and dogs- hear on the grapevine-
D. GRAMMAR AND MECHANICS
Mechanics is a set of conventions on how
to spell, abbreviate, punctuate, and capitalize.

Grammar refers to the set of rules on how

we organize words into sentences, and it also
refers to choosing the form of words.
TASK 5:
Direction: Underline the erroneous part of the sentence then give its correction.
1. The aircraft pilot, as well as the passengers, prepare for the flight.
2. Three-fifths of my work shift are spent cleaning up.
3. Gymnastics are an excellent way to stay limber.
4. Neither the doctor nor the patients prefers the new lounge area.
5. A truckload of fruits and vegetables are expected to be delivered tomorrow.
6. One of the new employees play guitar.
7. All of the lake are contaminated with toxic waste.
8. The number of drop outs are increasing.
9. A number of students is joining the delegation to Abra.
10. One hundred pesos are not enough to buy a kilo of beef.