KROMATOGRAFI GAS

(GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY)

Angela Wulansari
Introduction • Chromatography
– Chromatography is a general term applied to a
wide variety of separation techniques based
on the portioning or distribution of a sample
between a moving or mobile phase and a fixed
or stationary phase (Nielsen, 2010).
• Gas Chromatography
– Gas chromatography is the separation
technique that is based on the multiplicative
distribution of the compounds to be separated
between the two phase system solid or liquid
(stationery phase) and gas (mobile phase)
(Gunzler and Williams, 2002)
Advantage • Requires only very small samples with
little preparation
of GC • Good at separating complex mixtures
into components
• Results are rapidly obtained (1 to 100
minutes)
• Very high precision
• Only instrument with the sensitivity to
detect volatile organic mixtures of low
concentrations
• Equipment is not very complex
(sophisticated oven)
The GC System

1. Gas supplies
2. Sample injector
3. Column
4. Detector
5. Oven
6. Data station
7. Recorder
The GC
Theory
The GC • Mobile phase : Gas
Theory Gas Liquid • Stationary phase: liquid
Chromatography • Principle : volatility,
partition

• Mobile phase : Gas

Gas Solid • Stationary phase : solid
Chromatography • Principle : volatility,
absorption
Sample • GC can be applied to the separation of any compound
that is either naturally volatile (i.e., readily goes into
the gas phase) or can be converted to a volatile
derivative. This makes GC useful in the separation of a
number of small organic and inorganic compounds.
• Examples:
– Fatty acids derivatization
– Cholesterol derivatization
– Short chain fatty acids (acetate, propionate, butyrate)
– Short chain alcohols (ethanol, propanol, butanol)
– Phytosterol derivatization
– Amino acids derivatization
– Sugars / carbohydrate derivatization
– Etc.
Carrier • Carrier gas is inert and does not interact with the
analytes.

Gas • The commonly used gas are helium (He), hydrogen

(H2), and nitrogen (N2).

• There are two main types

Column – Packed column :

• Large sample capacity
• Preparative work
– Capillary (open-tubular) column :
• Higher efficiency
• Smaller sample size
• Analytical applications
Detector
Video