APPLICATION AND CHAIN RULE

PUTU WINDA SULISTYAWATI

1713011032

-ENGLISH FOR MATHEMATISC 2-

APPLICATION
Derivative can be used in resolving daily
problems. Derivative function is commonly
used when determining tangent gradient a
curve, determining integral, velocity, and
problems which relate with maximum or
minimum function.
Steps in solving derivative function problems are
1. Assign variable function
2. Determining the relation between variables, that
formed a function
3. Determining the value function
CHAIN RULE
The Chain Rule
 To use the chain rule for differentiation.

 The Chain Rule is a technique for differentiating composite functions.

 Composite functions are made up of layers of functions inside of functions.

3. There’s still more to peel 2. Peel it away 1. The eoutsid

4. Some functions have

many layers that must
be peeled away in order
to find their derivatives.

6
 y  f ( g ( x))

Outside function Inside function

dy
 (derivative of OUTSIDE function) . (derivative of
dx INSIDE function)
 The Chain Rule

If f and g are both differentiable Leibniz

The Chain
functions and y = f . g = f(g(x)) then y is Notation To differentiate y=f(g(x)), let u=g(x).
Rule
differentiable Then y=f(u)

dy ' dy du
dy '
 f ’(g(x) . g’(x)  
dx du dx
dx
Formula

Derivative of Multiply derivative

outside of inside derivative of y in
terms of u derivative of u in
terms of x

Keep the inside

 STEPS OF THE CHAIN RULE

dy ' dy du
 
dx du dx

1. Set u equal to an inner function

dy ' 2. Rewrite original function in terms of u

 f‘(g(x)) . g ‘(x)
dx
3. Derive u in terms of x and y in terms of u
1. Identify inner and outer functions.
4. Plug derivatives into chain rule
2. Derive outer function, leaving the inner function alone.
3. Derive the inner function. 5. Simplify

4. Simplify
EQUIVALENT

dy '
dx
 f’(g(x)) . g’(x) AND dy ' dy du
dx
 
du dx
 EXAMPLES
y  ( x  1)
2 3
y  ( x  1)
2 3

Key Point: If the inside function contains something

If we let u  x  1 and y  u then
2 3
other than plain old “x,” you must use the Chain Rule to
find the derivative.
dy dy du
y  ( x  1) 2 3  
'

Inside function
dx du dx
Outside function dy
 3u  (2 x)
2

dy dy ' dx
 3( x 2  1) 2 (2 x) dx
 f‘(g(x)) . g ‘(x)
dx dy
The derivative The derivative
 6 x( x  1)
2 2

of the outside of the inside dx

dy
 6 x( x  1)
2 2

dx
CAUTION
Possible mistakes ahead!
 PROBLEMS & SOLUTIONS
A stone is projected vertically upwards with a speed of 30 ms-1. Its height, hm, above the ground after t seconds (t<6) is given by:

h = 30t − 5t2
2
• find dh and d h
dt dt 2
• Find the maximum height reached

• Sketch the graph of h against t

SOLUTIONS
dh
• = 30 – 10t
dt
d 2 h = -10
dt 2

dh
• For a stationary point 0
dt
30  10t  0
10(3  t )  0
t 3
d 2h
2 <0 , the stationary point is a maximum
dt
The maximum height is
h  30(3)  5(3) 2  45m
Derivative can be used in resolving daily problems. Derivative function is
commonly used when determining tangent gradient a curve, determining
integral, velocity, and problems which relate with maximum or minimum
function.
If f and g are both differentiable functions and y = f . g = f(g(x)) then y is
differentiable y y’=f ’(g(x)) . g’(x) . In Leibniz notation, if y= f(u) and u=
dy ' dy du
 
g(x) are both differentiable function, then
dx du dx

When a function is inside another function, use the Chain

Rule to find the derivative. First, differentiate the outside function, leaving
the inside function alone. Last, differentiate the inside function.
Thank you!