Study for a new 500 kV Line and two 230 kV –

300 MVAr Capacitor banks for voltage support.

1. Transient study to
• Size breakers
• Size MOVs
• Inrush/outrush reactors

2. Fault study to generate test waveforms for end to end

relay testing.
• Generate comtrade files.
PG&E Network – Study for a new 500 kV Line
and two 230 kV – 300 MVAr Capacitor banks

Los Banos

Gates
PG&E Network – Study for a new 500 kV Line
and two 230 kV – 300 MVAr Capacitor banks

Network boundaries
• ETRAN
• Frequency scans

Boundary data
• Fault levels at buses

Case validation
• Steady state power flow
• Steady state fault level
• Transient recordings
 PG&E Network – Study for a new 500 kV Line
and two 230 kV – 300 MVAr Capacitor banks
MIDWAY 500KV STATION
There was a Cap installed here
C=112.4uF, removed as CAP 7 installed.

-1347 [MW]
110.2 [MVAR]
Midway - Vincent 1 mov mov
COUPLED
I67

The network is arranged in sub pages.

R67 V67 PI
C CAP 7 C SECTION

R67 Midw ay : Controls

R67 R65 R66 R67
C O C O C O

V
Metering MW
V67 P67 P67
Page VT
I Inst Xfmrs
0 0 0
1 and 2
I67 Q67 Q67

-1346 [MW]
108.9 [MVAR]
Midway - Vincent 2 mov mov
COUPLED
I66

R66 V66 PI
C CAP 6 C SECTION

R66
R66

V
V66 Metering P66 P66
Page
I
Inst Xfmrs
I66 Q67 Q66

-1107 [MW]
-208.9 [MVAR]
mov mov
Fault_Loc_EA11

Midway - Vincent 3
MW
I65
VT
V65
R65 3
C CAP 5 C

R65
R65

V
Metering
V65 P65 P65
Page
I Inst Xfmrs
I65 Q65 Q65
Midway Bus

-681.3 [MW] A A
24.91 [MVAR]
Midway Line - Diablo Canyon 3 1
COUPLED
I63 B C

R63 V63 PI
Fault_Loc_IB5 SECTION Fault_Loc_IB4 C B DB_MW_f3

Timed
Breaker Midway Line - Diablo Canyon 3
Logic R63
Closed@t0

V
Metering
V63 P63 P63
Page
I Inst Xfmrs
I63 Q63 Q63

-685.3 [MW]

T-Lines
A A
183.1 [MVAR]
Midway Line - Diablo Canyon 2 1
COUPLED
I64 B C

R64 V64 PI
Fault_Loc_IB5 Fault_Loc_IB4 SECTION C B DB_MW_f2

Timed
Breaker R64
Timed
BRKR

Logic
Closed@t0
Breaker
Logic
BRKR
Closed@t0
V
V64 P64
4.062

P64 Line Reactor

Metering
I
Page
I64 Q64 Q64
Inst Xfmrs
B
MW3 Rec.
3
2
1

R64
1422 [MW]
Unit # 11
-427 [MVAR]
MIdway - Gates Line mov mov

I61

V61
R61
C C
R61T1

42-R61
C O R61 T1 1000000.0 0.00326T
0.01
FLTen
42-R61 R61
R61T2
sec

sec

Timed
Breaker
R61 T2 Logic
V L
A B B
Closed@t0 GT
0 2 2 V61

MW_VT3_c
Metering MW [Ctrl] FLTen
I FLTen
Page
I61 P61 P61
Inst Xfmrs
B V62
MW2 Rec. [Ctrl] FLTdetails

0.00326
1
2
3

3 Phase Q61 Q61

Fault
RMS MW-Vrms R61 1 1
Sequencer
FLTloc FE

1 1 1
1262 [MW] Control
2
-84.38 [MVAR]

MW_VT3_b
MIdway - Gates Line mov mov FT

I62 6

Transformers
Ron
V62
R62

0.01
C C
1000000.0 T
Midw ay : Controls

C A A
R62T1

42-R62
C O L
R62 T1 FLTen
sec

sec

42-R62 R62
R62T2

Timed
Breaker
0 2 2 R62 T2 Logic
Closed@t0

0.00326
Manitoba HVDC Research Centre
V
V62
Metering PG&E Path 15 500kV Transmission
MW500

I
Page
I62
Inst Xfmrs
P62 P62 Line Protection System

0.01
MW230

MW500

B
MW1 Rec. Transient Studies
MW230

1
2
3

MW-ph Q62 Q62

1000000.0
Ph

T
MW_VT3_b MW_VT3_c MW_VT3_c
R62
Dwg No. Rev Page

B C C
RRL
Midway Source

PGE500 1 ?
F

Midway
L

Part of a 500kV station

60.0
230 kV
V

Connections
RL

MW-V
 System data
The power system is modeled in detail with all frequency
dependent parameters when applicable.

VD-ph
Network boundary equivalences.
• Based on steady state fault levels
Ph
RRL

60.0
• Magnitude and phase externally
V

controlled from a master control page.

RL

VD-V This enables efficient data entry to

study many power flow situations.
 System data
The power system is modeled in detail with all frequency
dependent parameters when applicable.
Transformers
• Stray capacitances
modeled at buses near
the capacitor bank
station.
• Name plate and test
data sheets.
•Saturation data.
 System data
The power system is modeled in detail with all frequency
dependent parameters when applicable.

Mid-Span Sag:

12.19 [m] for Conductors

12.19 [m] for Ground Wires
Mid-Span Sag:

12.19 [m] for Conductors

12.19 [m] for Ground Wires
Transmission lines
• Tower geometry for
G1 G2
7.925 [m] G1 G2
12.496 [m] 7.925 [m]

frequency dependent
12.496 [m]
C1 C2 C3
C4 C5 C6
9.75 [m]

(bundling not exactly30.5 [m]

Tower: 3L1
9.75 [m]
models
• Bundling information.
as shown) Conductors: bluebird Tower: 3L1
(bundling not exactly30.5 [m]
Ground_Wires: 1/2"alumweld as shown) Conductors: bluebird

Ground_Wires: 1/2"alumweld

• Conductor data from

0 [m]
45.72 [m]

handbooks.
• Right of way information
Ground Resistivity: 100.0 [ohm*m]
Relative Ground Permeability: 1.0
Earth Return Formula: Analytical Approximation

and transposing.
 System data
The power system is modeled in detail with all frequency
dependent parameters when applicable.

Generators
• Modeled as voltage sources
since the machines dynamics
are not considered important
for this study.
 System data
The power system is modeled in detail with all frequency
dependent parameters when applicable.
Segment 1 Segment 2

ZnO - MOV ZnO - MOV

ZnO - MOV ZnO - MOV

ZnO - MOV ZnO - MOV

Line compensation
• Capacitor stages.
0.5 5.0e-007 Ibpa11 0.01 0.5 5.0e-007 Ibpa12 Va1L
A Ia1m A A
Bp3a11 Va1m Bp3a12
0.5 5.0e-007 Ibpb11 0.01 0.5 5.0e-007 Ibpb12 Vb1L
B Ib1m B B
Bp3b11 Vb1m Bp3b12 Out
0.5 5.0e-007 Ibpc11 0.01 0.5 5.0e-007 Ibpc12 Vc1L
C Ic1m C C

• Protection.
Bp3c11 Vc1m Bp3c12

284.31 142.08

284.31 142.08

284.31 142.08
1000000.0

1000000.0

1000000.0

Reactors
• Saturable or linear
 System data
The power system is modeled in detail with all frequency
dependent parameters when applicable.

a b c

Capacitor banks
• At all sub station in the
R1

C
A

Main Breaker

vicinity
• If there are low voltage
0.0023

0.0023

0.0023

Outrush Reactors

banks that might cause

resonance problems, the
network model may have to
CS01

CS02
C

C
A

Circuit switch Circuit switch

be extended.
0.0006

0.0006

0.0006

0.0006

0.0006

0.0006

Inrush Reactors Inrush Reactors

66 MVARS 66 MVARS
3.309

3.309

3.309

3.309

3.309

3.309

22 MVARs/Phase 22 MVARs/Phase
 System data
The power system is modeled in detail with all frequency
dependent parameters when applicable.

Breakers
• individual pole closing
• Statistical switching.
• Pre insertion.
• Synchronized switching.
Statistical pole closing
 System data
The power system is modeled in detail with all frequency
dependent parameters when applicable.
0.00075

Reactor
Inrush

MOVs
25 MVars per phase/step

• Non linear characteristics

• Manufacturers data sheets
Capacitor
3.76

• Rated voltage, MCOV

Rated Voltage

230 2
Vr  Vr  187.794
3
 Model validation
A very important step in a larger network model.

Frequency dependent line entries.

•PSCAD gives the positive, negative and zero
sequence impedance values. These can
be compared with load flow data.
Model validation
The full model was validated with the following
methods.

1. Load flow
2. Fault level
3. Fault recordings
Model validation
Load Flow validation
• Checked for all lines
• Acceptable differences
• Some issues

LF PSCAD Diff LF PSCAD Diff

LB -372 -345 -27 -101 -55 -46
LB -797 -866 69 39 -40 79
DBL -134 -145 11 -20 5 -25
MDW 1195 1215 -20 69 12 57
total -108 -141 33 -13 -78 65
 Model validation
Fault level validation
• Checked at all substations
• Some issues
• Dc offset, harmonics

3LG(Amp) 2LG(Amp) - Phases A-B 1LG(Amp) Phase A 2LG(Amp) Phases A-B

ASPE ASPE
N PSCAD DIFF ASPEN PSCAD DIFF N PSCAD DIFF ASPEN PSCAD DIFF

22000 22000 0% 18000 19500 8% 20500 20000 2% 15000 15000 0%

27500 27000 2% 25000 26000 4% 21500 21000 2% 23500 23500 0%

30500 31500 3% 28500 29500 4% 22500 21500 4% 25500 27000 6%

 Model validation
Fault recordings

Analog Graph
Near the fault bus A dvanced Graph Frame

DM2 IA Ias4
4.0k
MV1 EA Vas5
600.000k
3.0k
400.000k
2.0k
200.000k
1.0k
bus voltage

0.000

line #2
-200.000k 0.0

-400.000k -1.0k

-600.000k -2.0k

-800.000k

MV1 EB Vcs5
Voltages -3.0k

1.5k
DM2 IB Ics4
Currents
600.000k
1.0k
400.000k
0.5k
200.000k
bus voltage

0.0
0.000

line #2
-0.5k
-200.000k
-1.0k
-400.000k
-1.5k
-600.000k
-2.0k
MV1 EC Vbs5 DM2 IC Ibs4
600.000k 1.5k

400.000k 1.0k

200.000k 0.5k
bus voltage

0.000 0.0
line #2

-200.000k -0.5k

-400.000k -1.0k

-600.000k -1.5k

x 0.150 0.175 0.200 0.225 0.250 0.275 0.300 0.325 0.350 ... -2.0k

... x 0.150 0.175 0.200 0.225 0.250 0.275 0.300 0.325 0.350 ...
...
... ...
 Model validation
Fault recordings

Analog Graph
Near the fault bus A dvanced Graph Frame

DM2 IA Ias4
4.0k
MV1 EA Vas5
600.000k
3.0k
400.000k
2.0k
200.000k
1.0k
bus voltage

0.000

line #2
-200.000k 0.0

-400.000k -1.0k

-600.000k -2.0k

-800.000k

MV1 EB Vcs5
Voltages -3.0k

1.5k
DM2 IB Ics4
Current
600.000k
1.0k
400.000k
0.5k
200.000k
bus voltage

0.0
0.000

line #2
-0.5k
-200.000k
-1.0k
-400.000k
-1.5k
-600.000k
-2.0k
MV1 EC Vbs5 DM2 IC Ibs4
600.000k 1.5k

400.000k 1.0k

200.000k 0.5k
bus voltage

0.000 0.0
line #2

-200.000k -0.5k

-400.000k -1.0k

-600.000k -1.5k

x 0.150 0.175 0.200 0.225 0.250 0.275 0.300 0.325 0.350 ... -2.0k

... x 0.150 0.175 0.200 0.225 0.250 0.275 0.300 0.325 0.350 ...
...
... ...
 Model validation
Fault recordings
• The simulation shows
6.0k
MV 1 IA
Analog Graph

At a remote bus
Midw ay.Ias5
the same trends
4.0k

2.0k
MW-VT Line #1

0.0

-2.0k

-4.0k

-6.0k

-8.0k
Current • Not all conditions are known at
2.5k

2.0k
MV 1 IC

Voltages
Midw ay.Ibs5

the instant of the fault.

1.5k

1.0k

0.5k
• Load flow
MW-VT Line #1

0.0

• Point on wave
-0.5k

-1.0k

-1.5k

• Reactors / capacitors ON
-2.0k

-2.5k

MV 3 IC Midw ay.Ibs7
3.0k

2.0k

1.0k
or OFF
MW-VT Line #3

0.0

-1.0k

-2.0k

-3.0k

x 0.160 0.180 0.200 0.220 0.240 0.260 0.280 0.300 0.320 0.340 ...
...
...