PRESENTED BY
GUIDED BY DINESH VARMA
(12241A0373)
DR. SWADESH KUMAR SINGH DEVARAJU ADHARAVENI
(12241A0361)
RAVINDER MUPPIDI
(13245A0314)
MADHU
(13245A0319)
CONTENTS TO BE COVERED
Abstract
Introduction
Experiment
Taguchi Method
Machine Learning
Experimental Data
Results and Discussion
Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
Objectives
Resources to be used:
Vernier callipers
strain rate.
Strain hardening is related to the increase in flow stress by increasing strain as a result of
(2) Back-stress resulting from dislocation pile-ups at barriers which are sessile dislocations such as Lomer-
Cottrell barriers.
(3) Dislocation intersections which results in a small step or jog in the dislocation line and restricts its
motion.
Strain rate hardening is related to increase in flow stress by increasing strain rate as a result of high
value of the strain rate sensitivity (m), which is one of the major requirements to inhibit necking
during deformation.
THERMAL HARDENING
In thermal hardening a hard layer is formed at the surface of plain carbon and low alloy
steels of medium carbon content (0.3 - 0.6%) by heating the steel till it reaches the
austenistising temperature (about 850oC, depending upon carbon content) then rapidly
quenching it to form a martensitic structure.
The depth of hardening can be controlled by the rate of heating, rapid heating for a 5 - 20
seconds with an induction coil will limit the hardened zone to material adjacent to the
surface. The more rapid the cooling the greater will be the depth of hardening (up to the
limit of the austenitised zone) - the thinner the section the easier it is to cool rapidly.
However the faster the quench the greater the danger of distortion or cracking. Increasing
alloying content also gives greater depth of hardening and will allow a less severe quench
to be used.
Material A B C n m
Constant
Value 283 774.2 0.0152 0.8499 0.8012
EXPERIMENTAL DATA
Displaceme Load
nt (mm) (KN) Displacement vs Load Data
0 0
0 0.01
0.01 0.01
Direction – Longitudinal Temperature - 298k
0.01 0.02 Strain Rate - 0.001
0.02 0.02
0.03 0.02 Load vs Displacement
0.03 0.03
0.03 0.02
0.03 0.03
2.5
0.04 0.03
0.05 0.03 2
0.05 0.04
0.06 0.04 1.5
Load(KN)
0.07 0.04
1
0.07 0.05
0.07 0.04 0.5
0.07 0.05
0.07 0.04 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
0.07 0.05 Displacement (mm)
0.08 0.05
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Hence, it can be concluded that the flow behaviour of Zircalloy-4 with low oxygen content
at elevated temperature is not governed by three independent phenomena, viz., thermal
softening, strain rate hardening and isotropic strain hardening but a combination of them.
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