2011-Ekpresi Gen
2011-Ekpresi Gen
Molecular Biology
EKSPRESI GEN
• Replikasi
– DNA menghasilkan DNA
• Transkripsi
– menghasilkan RNA dari DNA
• Translasi
– Menghasilkan asam amino dari RNA
DNA
Transkripsi
Replikasi
RNA
AMINO ACID
Translasi
• Diperlukan untuk terjadinya pembelahan
• DNA polymerase mengikat nukleotid
bebas untuk melengkapi basa
pasangannya
• Diperlukan enzim untuk menjaga agar
terhindar dari kesalahan
DNA replication
• The parent molecule unwinds, and two new
daughter strands are built based on base-
pairing rules
T
A T A T A A T A T A T
C G C G C G C G C G C G
T A T A T A T A T A T A
A T A T A T A T A T A T
G C G C G C C G C G C
G
(a) The parent molecule has two (b) The first step in replication is (c) Each parental strand now (d) The nucleotides are connected
complementary strands of DNA. separation of the two DNA serves as a template that to form the sugar-phosphate
Each base is paired by hydrogen strands. determines the order of backbones of the new strands.
bonding with its specific partner, nucleotides along a new, Each “daughter” DNA
A with T and G with C. complementary strand. molecule consists of one parental
strand and one new strand.
Sintesis Protein
:
DNA RNA Proteins
Replikasi Transkripsi Translasi
Ada 3 hipotesis:
1. Semikonservatif
2. Konservatif
3. Dispersif
REPLIKASI DNA
• Rantai DNA membelah
• Berpasangan dengan RNA pasangannya
• Melibatkan RNA polymerase
Replication Fork Overview
Sintesis Protein : Transkripsi
Transkripsi Eukariotik
Cytoplasm
DNA
Transcription
RNA
RNA
Processing
mRNA G AAAAAA G AAAAAA
Export
Nucleus
3 Tipe RNA
O
N
N
N Adenine
CH2 N
O
O H
O
HO P O
O
N
NH Guanine
N N NH2
CH2
O
HO
O
P
H
NH2
Arginine
O
O
N
N
Adenine
N N
CH2
O
OH H
Protein Synthesis: Translation
• Kode digunakan 3 huruf karena ada 20
asam amino yang berbeda untuk
menghasilkan protein.
2020:120:2A 26 47:15
27
1 43 44
28 42 45
29 41 46
30 40 47
47:1
31 39
Py* 38
U Pu*
34
U 35
A 36
C
Anticodon
Protein Synthesis: Translation
Ribosome:
•Tersusun dari 2 subunits, besar dan kecil, masing-
masing subunit mengandung ribosomal RNA
(rRNA) & proteins.
•Sintesis Protein dimulai ketika dua subunits ribosom
mengikat mRNA.
•Kodon initiator AUG berikatan dengan anticodon of
tRNA
Protein Synthesis: Translation
Ribosome:
•Sintesis protein berlangsung sampai stop
codon hingga dihasilkan sintesis protein baru
dan proses translasi selesai.
Protein Synthesis: Translation
Translation - Initiation
fMet
Large P A
subunit E
UAC
5’GAG...CU-AUG--UUC--CUU--AGU--GGU--AGA--GCU--GUA--UGA-AT GCA...TAAAAAA 3’
Small mRNA
subunit
Translation - Elongation
Polypeptide
Met Arg
Phe
Leu Ser
Gly
Aminoacyl tRNA
Ribosome P A
E
CCA
5’GAG...CU-AUG--UUC--CUU--AGU--GGU--AGA--GCU--GUA--UGA-AT GCA...TAAAAAA 3’
mRNA
Translation - Elongation
Polypeptide
Met
Phe
Leu Ser
Gly Arg
Aminoacyl tRNA
Ribosome P A
E
CCA UCU
5’GAG...CU-AUG--UUC--CUU--AGU--GGU--AGA--GCU--GUA--UGA-AT GCA...TAAAAAA 3’
mRNA
Translation - Elongation
Polypeptide
Met
Phe
Leu Ser
Gly
Arg
Ribosome P A
E
CCA UCU
5’GAG...CU-AUG--UUC--CUU--AGU--GGU--AGA--GCU--GUA--UGA-AT GCA...TAAAAAA 3’
mRNA
Translation - Elongation
Polypeptide
Met
Phe Ala
Leu Ser
Gly
Arg Aminoacyl tRNA
Ribosome P A
E
CCA
UCU
5’GAG...CU-AUG--UUC--CUU--AGU--GGU--AGA--GCU--GUA--UGA-AT GCA...TAAAAAA 3’
mRNA
Translation - Elongation
Polypeptide
Met
Phe
Leu Ser
Gly
Arg Ala
Ribosome P A
E
UCU CGA
5’GAG...CU-AUG--UUC--CUU--AGU--GGU--AGA--GCU--GUA--UGA-AT GCA...TAAAAAA 3’
mRNA
Transcription And Translation
In Prokaryotes
5’ 3’
3’ 5’
RNA
Pol.
Ribosome
mRNA
Ribosome
5’
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