COMMUNICATION

 Communication is sending and receiving information between two or

more people.
 The information conveyed can include facts, ideas, concepts, opinions,
beliefs, attitudes, instructions and even emotions.
TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
 Verbal (Oral)
 Non- verbal
 Written
• Verbal communication - Simply sending a message through a
spoken language that is understood by both the sender and
receiver of the message. Examples include face-to-face talking,
listening to a lecture or seminar, and listening to a television
program. In fact, if you are listening to this lesson, you are
engaged in a verbal form of communication.

• Non-verbal communication – Body language is the form of

non-verbal communication that can be used to send a message.
You can tell if your boss is pleased or upset simply by looking at
his facial expressions, postures and gestures.
For example, a flushed face may mean embarrassment; a
clinched fist may indicate anger: and the rolling of one’s eyes
may signal disbelief or annoyance.

Written communication – Sending message by the use of

symbols that are understood by both the sender and receiver of
the message
SIGNIFICANCE
 Control
 Motivate
 Provide information
 Changing people attitude
 Social behavior
 Knowledge management
INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
1. Sender
2. Encoding
3. The message
4. The channel
5. Decoding
6. Receiver
7. Feedback
 ORIGINATES
CHANNEL PERCEIVES
(Idea or Feeling)
Verbal (Hears, Sees, Feels)
ENCODES
Oral, Written, Electronic DECODES
(Intended meaning into
Non-verbal (Ascribes meaning)
message.)
Body language, Tone of RESPONDS
TRANSMITS
voice, Touch (Ideas, Feelings, Action)
(Through Channel)

NO REPLY
NO REPLY
(End communication)
NOISE (One-way
communication)

RESPONDS CHANNEL REPLIES

(Idea, Feeling, Action) Verbal (Idea, Feeling, Reaction)
DECODES Oral, Written, Electronic ENCODES
(Ascribes meaning) Non-Verbal (Intended Meaning)
PERCEIVES Body language, Tone of TRANSMITS
(Hears, Feels, Sees) voice, Touch (Through Channel)
BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
 Because of the complexity of the communication process, problems arise at
every state resulting in distortion of communication.
 Noise, as a barrier was identified in the communication model
 For convenience of study, the barriers have been classified into three
categories.
1. Sender related barriers
2. Receiver related barriers.
3. Situation related barriers.
Sender related barriers
 Communication goals
 Communication skills
 Interpersonal sensitivity
 Differing frame of reference
 Improper diction
 Inconsistent non – verbal signals
 Either or thinking
 Fear
 Sender creativity
RECEIVER RELATED BARRIERS
 Selecting and poor listening
 Evaluating the source
 Perceptions
 Lack of responsive feedback
 Meta communication
SITUATION RELATED BARRIERS
 Jargon
 Information overload
 Time pressure
 Communication climate
 Noise
 Distance
 Mechanical failure
 Murphy’s law
OVERCOMING THE BARRIERS
 The barriers can be overcome if conscious efforts are made by both the sender
and receiver.
1. Sender’s responsibility
2. Receiver’s responsibility
SENDER’S RESPONSIBILITY
 Setting communication goals
 Practicing empathetic communication
 Improving communication credibility
 Encouraging feedback
• Using a correct amount of redundancy.
• Developing trusting climate
• Using pictures

RECEIVERS RESPONSIBILTY
• Listening
• Avoid premature judgement
• Responsive feed back
Communication Barriers Strategies to Overcome the Barriers
Sender-related barriers
Communication goals, Sender’s responsibilities
Communication skills, Goals, Language, Empathy,
Inter-personal sensitivity, Credibility, Feedback, Face –to-
Differing frames of reference, face communication,
Non-verbal signals, Either/ or Redundancy, Trusting climate,
thinking fear, Sender’s Pictures
credibility, Improper diction

Situation-related barriers
(Shared by both sender &
receiver) Jargon, Information
overload, Time pressure,
Climate, Distance, Noise,
Mechanical Failures, Murphy
laws

Receiver-related barriers
Selective & poor listening,
Evaluating the source,
Perceptions, Lack of feed back,
Metacommunication
Receiver’s responsibilities
Listening, Avoid premature
judgement, Responsive feedback