INTRODUCTION TO

TRANSLATION
 TUJUAN INSTRUKSIONAL

• MAHASISWA DAPAT MENJELASKAN DEFINISI “PENERJEMAHAN/ TRANSLATION”

• SEORANG PENERJEMAH MEMILIKI TUGAS DAN TANGGUNG JAWAB YANG MULIA DALAM
MEMBERIKAN SUMBANGAN KEPADA BANGSA DALAM MENYAJIKAN INFORMASI BERMUTU
SESUAI KEBUTUHAN PENGGUNA BAHASA
• KEGIATAN PENERJEMAHAN SANGAT BERBEDA DENGAN KEGIATAN MENULIS
• TRANSLATION STANDARD ISO 17100 STATES THAT A PROFESSIONAL SERVICE MUST CARRY
OUT EACH STAGE INDEPENDENTLY. THIS MEANS THAT THE TRANSLATOR CANNOT BE THE
PERSON WHO CHECKS THE TRANSLATION (THE EDITOR) AND THE FINAL PROOFREADER MUST
ALSO BE A DIFFERENT PERSON TO THE EDITOR AND TRANSLATOR.
• TRANSLATION CONSIST OF CHANGING FROM ONE STATE OR FORM TO ANOTHER TO TURN INTO
ONE’S OWN OR ANOTHER’S LANGUAGE (MERRIAM-WEBSTER DICTIONARY, 1974)
• THE FORM FROM WHICH THE TRANSLATION IS MADE WILL BE CALLED THE SOURCE LANGUAGE (SL)
• THE FORM INTO WHICH IT IS TO BE CHANGED WILL BE CALLED THE RECEPTOR LANGUAGE (RL/TG)
• IN TRANSLATION, THE FORM OF THE SOURCE LANGUAGE (SL) IS REPLACED BY THE FORM OF THE
RECEPTOR (TL). THIS IS DONE BY GOING FROM THE FORM OF THE FIRST LANGUAGE TO THE FORM
OF THE 2ND LANGUAGE BY WAY OF SEMANTIC STRUCTURE.
• TRANSLATING CONSISTS IN REPRODUCING IN THE RECEPTOR LANGUAGE THE CLOSEST NATURAL
EQUIVALENT OF THE SOURCE LANGUAGE MESSAGE, FIRST IN TERM OF MEANING AND SECONDLY
IN TERM OF STYLE (A. NIDA & CHARLES R. TABER)
• MENERJEMAHKAN MERUPAKAN KEGIATAN MENGHASILKAN KEMBALI PESAN KE DALAM BAHASA
PENERIMA YANG SEPADAN DENGAN PESAN DALAM BAHASA SUMBER, PERTAMA-TAMA
MENYANGKUT MAKNANYA DAN KEDUA MENYANGKUT GAYANYA
• MENERJEMAHKAN HARUS BERFOKUS PADA RESPON PENERIMA PESAN (CARA LAMA: FOKUS PADA
BENTUK PESAN)
• PENERJEMAHAN BISA DIKATAKAN BAIK BILA BENAR-BENAR DAPAT DIPAHAMI OLEH PENERIMANYA
• THE REPLACEMENT OF TEXTUAL MATERIAL IN ONE LANGUAGE (SL)BY EQUIVALENT TEXTUAL
MATERIAL IN ANOTHER LANGUAGE (TL) (CATFORD)
• PENGGANTIAN BAHASA KENASKAHAN DALAM SATU BAHASA (BAHASA SUMBER) DENGAN
PADANAN BAHAN KENASKAHAN DALAM SUATU BAHASA YANG LAIN (BAHASA SASARAN)
• TRANSLATION IS PROCESS OF FINDING A TL EQUIVALENT FOR AN SL UTTERANCE (PINHUCK,
1977)
• PENERJEMAHAN MERUPAKAN SUATU PROSES MENEMUKAN UNGAKAPAN YANG DIPADANKAN
DARI BAHASA SUMBER KE BAHASA TARGET
• TRANSLATION IS CRAFT CONSISTING IN ATTEMPT TO REPLACE A WRITTEN MESSAGE AND/OR
STATEMENT IN ONE LANGUAGE BY THE SAME MESAGE AND/OR STATEMENT IN ANOTHER
LANGUAGE (NEWMARK, 1981)
• PENERJEMAHAN ADALAH SEBUAH KEAHLIAN YANG MENCOBA MENGGANTI SEBUAH PESAN
TERTULIS DAN ATAU PERNYATAAN PADA SATU BAHASA DENGAN PESAN TERTLIS DAN ATAU
PERNYATAAN DALAM BAHASA YANG LAIN.
• PENERJEMAHAN ADALAH KEGIATAN MENGALIHKAN SECARA TERTULIS PESAN DARI TEKS SUATU
BAHASA KEDALAM TEKS BAHASA LAIN (HOED, 2006)
• PENERJEMAHAN ADALAH SUATU PROSES PENGGANTIAN TEKS DALAM BAHASA SUMBER (BSU)
DENGAN TEKS DALAM BAHASA SASARAN (BSA) TANPA MERUBAH TINGKAT ISI TEKS (MOENTAHA,
2006)
• TERJEMAHAN HARUS MEWAKILI TENTANG ARTI KATA, STRUKTUR GRAMATIKAL , SITUASI
KOMUNIKASI DAN KONTEKS BUDAYA DARI BSU YANG HARUS DIANALISIS UNTUK MENENTUKAN
MAKNANYA KEMUDIAN MEREKONSTRUKSI DENGAN MAKNA YANG SAMA DENGAN ARTI KATA,
STRUKTUR GRAMATIKAL, SITUASI KOMUNIKASI PADA BSA DENGAN MEMPERHATIKAN KONTEKS
BUDAYANYA
 KESIMPULAN

• TRANSLATION IS THE PROCESS OF TRANSFERING THE MEANING OR MESSAGE OF TEH SL INTO

THE RECEPTOR LANGUAGE
• PENERJEMAHAN ADALAH SUATU KEGIATAN MANUSIA DALAM MENGALIHKAN SEPERANGKAT
INFORMASI ATAU PESAN BAIK VERBAL MAUPUN NONVERBAL DARI BAHASA SUMBER KE
BAHASA SASARAN
• SOURCE LANGUAGE (SL) IS THE FORM FROM WHICH THE TRANSLATION IS MADE
• RECEPTOR LANGUAGE (RL) IS THE FORM INTO WHICH IT IS TO BE CHANGED
• TRANSLATION CONSISTS OF STUDYING LEXICON, GRAMMATICAL STRUCTURE,
COMMUNICATION SITUATION, CULTURAL CONTEXT OF THE SL TEXT,
• PERSON WHO KNOW BOTH OF SL N RL CAN OFTEN MAKE THE TRANSFER FROM ONE FORM
TO OTHER RAPIDLY (WITHOUT THINKING ABOUT SEMANTIC STRUCTURE)
• OTHERWISE, WHEN THE TRANSLATOR ISN’T  NEED MORE ADEQUATE TRANSLATION AND
SEMANTIC ANALYSIS
 LITERAL TRANSLATION

• LITERAL TRANSLATION IS A WORD FOR WORD TRANSLATION WHICH FOLLOWS CLOSELY THE
FORM OF THE SL
• LIT. TRANSLATION DOESN’T COMMUNICATE THE MEANING OF THE SOURCE TEXT.
YOU
 EX. OF LITERAL MEANING

• ENGLISH: WHAT IS YOUR NAME?

• SPANISH: HOW YOURSELF YOU CALL?
• AGUARUNA: YOU DOUBT WHO ARE YOU?
• ENGLISH: YOU ROCK MAN
• INDONESIA: KAMU BATU LAKI-LAKI
• A PERSON, WHO IS THE SPEAKER, POSSESSES MONEY
• ENGLISH: I HAVE MONEY
• JAPANESE N LATIN: TO ME THERE IS A MONEY
• ARABIC N RUSSIAN: WITH ME THERE IS A MONEY
• AGUARUNA N TURKISH: MY MONEY EXISTS
 LEXICAL AND GRAMMATICAL MEANING

• THE LEXICON OF A LANGUAGE MAY BE THOUGHT OF AS A SET OF ALL THE LEXEMES, STORED IN THE BRAINS OF
COMPETENT SPEAKERS, WITH ALL THE LINGUISTIC INFORMATION FOR EACH LEXEME THAT IS REQUIRED FOR THE
PRODUCTION AND INTERPRETATION OF THE SENTENCES OF THE LANGUAGE - RIGHTLY CALLED MENTAL GRAMMAR
• LM: MAKNA YANG TERDAPAT DALAM KAMUS. KALIMAT LEKSIKAL ADALAH KALIMAT YANG MAKNA KATA YANG
SEBENARNYA BERSIFAT TETAP DAN TIDAK TERIKAT DENGAN KONTEKS
• GM: THE GRAMMAR OF A LANGUAGE IS TRADITIONALLY VIEWED AS A SYSTEM OF RULES WHICH SAY ABOUT HOW
LEXICAL ITEMS ARE PUT TOGETHER TO FORM PHRASES, CLAUSES AND SENTENCES OR EVEN DISCOURSES
EX: I HAVE A CAT, I HAVE CATS (SAME LEXICAL, DIFFERENT GRAMMATICAL)
Ex of lexical :
Mother: human female parental mature
Child: human son or daughter young innocent
 CHANGING FORM VS. CHANGING MEANING

• CHANGING FORM: HAS THE SAME MEANING BUT TO BE EXPRESSED IN ANOTHER LANGUAGE
BY A DIFFERENT FORM
THE CAT IS BLACK=THE BLACK CAT=THE CAT WHICH IS THE BLACK
IS THIS PLACE TAKEN?=IS THERE ANYONE SITTING HERE?=MAY I SIT HERE?
• CHANGING MEANING : TRANSLATE THE FORM IN ANOTHER LANGUAGE WHICH HAS
DIFFERENT MEANING
HE SAW THE BIRD
SHE HEARD THE CAT
 BENTUK/MODEL PENERJEMAHAN

• TUJUAN : MAHASISWA MAMPU MENJELASKAN TENTANG BENTUK/MODEL PENERJEMAHAN

• MENJELASKAN TENTANG JENIS PENERJEMAHAN TULISAN DAN LISAN BERDASAR KARAKTER
• MAMPU MENGGUNAKAN BEBERAPA MODEL PENERJEMAHAN
 TIPS FOR TRANSLATOR

• MAKE SURE YOU REVIEW THE DOCUMENT(S) AND FILES BEFORE STARTING A TRANSLATION. READ ALL THE
INSTRUCTIONS THAT COME WITH THE JOB: THEY SHOW YOU THE WAY IN WHICH THE TRANSLATION MUST BE
APPROACHED.
• MAKE SURE THAT YOU ARE COMFORTABLE WITH THE SUBJECT MATTER AND LANGUAGE STYLE AND CONFIRM
THIS WITH THE TRANSLATION PROJECT MANAGER. WHILST YOU MAY TAKE ON TRANSLATIONS IN FIELDS IN
WHICH YOU ARE NOT AN EXPERT FOR THE SAKE OF EXPANDING YOUR BUSINESS, IT WILL TAKE YOU MORE
TIME TO MASTER THE TERMINOLOGY AND YOU WILL HAVE TO INVEST TIME IN DOING SO.
• MAKE SURE YOU ARE FAMILIAR WITH THE FILE FORMAT. IF YOU ARE WORKING FOR A TRANSLATION COMPANY,
THE FILES SHOULD BE SENT IN A TRANSLATION-FRIENDLY FORMAT AND WITH A TRANSLATION MEMORY. DO
NOT CHANGE THE CAT TOOL YOUR CLIENT HAS SPECIFIED.
• USE ALL REFERENCE MATERIALS, STYLE GUIDES, GLOSSARIES AND TERMINOLOGY DATABASES.
NEVER IGNORE A GLOSSARY THAT HAS BEEN SENT TO YOU. IF THE CLIENT HAS CREATED A
DATABASE, USE IT. IF IT IS A SIMPLE EXCEL FILE, YOU KNOW ALL TOOLS CAN IMPORT THIS
FORMAT INTO A CAT TOOL AND CSV CAN CREATE A GLOSSARY FILE IN SECONDS.