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Curriculum & Instruction

Curriculum
Instruction
Curriculum Development
Influences on Curriculum
The Hidden Curriculum
Curriculum

Curriculum can be defined as


a plan concerned with the purpose
and content of what is to be learned.
The curriculum anticipates the results of
instruction.
Curricula should not merely reside in
textbooks as content outlines.
learning includes more than knowledge
learning includes skills, attitudes, and behaviors
Instruction

Instruction can be defined as the process


of teaching,
delivering the curriculum,
and providing learning environments for students.
Teaching so named can mean
instructing, informing, training,
brainwashing, conditioning, indoctrinating,
and teaching - - properly understood.
Curriculum & Instruction

Curriculum can be thought of as “doing


the right thing.”
Instruction can be thought of as “doing the
thing right.”
Curriculum Development

Curriculum development is
a planning process
a way of assessing needs,
identifying goals and objectives,
and meeting the cultural, social, and
personal requirements that the curriculum is
to serve.
Curriculum planning should precede
instructional preparation.
The Need for a Theory Base

Who decides what should be taught and


how it is taught?
Dynamic leadership and clear goals are
essential for effective curriculum change.
What are the aims of education?
On what foundations should curriculum be built?
There are a host of external and internal
influences on the school curriculum….
External Influences:

federal government (disabilities, titular $)


the courts (church-state issues, civil rights)
state legislatures (ISIP/IGAP, content stds)
boards of education (procedures, book choice,
courses)
the vocal right (Moral Majority, creationists)
the vocal left (AIDS awareness, Z.P.G., P.P.I.)
professional organizations (NSTA, AAPT )
Internal Influences:

School Improvement Plan


Teacher Philosophy
Knowledge Development?
Process Development?
Intellectual Skills
Physical Dexterity
Attitude Development?
The “Hidden” Curriculum

The intended curriculum is…


what we say it is.

The actual curriculum is…


what remains after everything else
has been forgotten.

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